A Global Conflict13.3

The Gallipoli Campaign What was the purpose of the Gallipoli campaign?

o The Dardanelles opened a gateway to the Ottoman capital, Constantinople

o By securing the Dardanelles, the Allies believed they could take Constantinople and establish a supply line to Russia

What was the result of the Gallipoli campaign?o The war turned into a bloody stalemateo In December, after months of trench warfare, the Allies

gave up and evacuatedo 250,000 Allied casualties resulted

The Dardanelles

The U.S. Enters the War

1. U.S.-British relationso The U.S. shared a bond with

Great Britain due to its common language and ancestry

2. The Lusitaniao Germans announce policy of

unrestricted submarine warfareo May 1915: A German U-boat

sinks the British passenger liner, the Lusitania because they suspected it carried ammunition

o Over 1,000 people were killed, including 128 American citizens

The U.S. Enters the War

3. The Zimmerman Noteo U.S. officials intercept a telegram written by German

foreign secretary Arthur Zimmerman o The telegram was meant for Mexico and promised to

help Mexico “reconquer” it’s land from the U.S. if they sided with the Central Powers

o This was the last straw for the U.S.o The U.S. declares ware on Germany in 1917

Russia withdraws from the War

Why did the czar’s government collapse?o Russian citizens were frustrated

by lack of food and fuelo Civil unrest led to the Czar

stepping downo By 1917, 5.5 million Russian

soldiers had been wounded, killed or taken prisoner

o Vladimir Lenin led a Communist Revolution and overthrew the new government

o Signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, ending Russia’s involvement in World War I

Second Battle of the Marne

What was the significance of this battle?o After Russia’s withdrawal,

Germany sends all of its troops to the Western front

o Germans reached the Marne River, just 40 miles outside of Paris

o The Allies, including 140,000 fresh U.S. troops launched a counterattack

o The refreshed Allied powers used tanks to push back the exhausted German forces

World War I Ends What events signaled the defeat of the Central

Powers?o Kaiser Wilhelm steps down after soldiers mutinyo Germany declares itself a republico On November 11th, 1918, Germany and France signed an

armistice, effectively ending the war

Review 1. Which of the following is NOT a reason that the

U.S. joined the war?o A. Interception of the Zimmerman noteo B. Germany’s use of unrestricted submarine warfareo C. Cultural and political ties to Great Britaino D. An alliance with Serbia

2. Which of the following best describes the end of World War I?o A. The opposing sides made an agreement to stop the

waro B. The Central powers forced the Allied powers to

surrender after the 2nd battle of the Marneo C. The Germans claimed victory after the Russians

dropped out of the waro D. The Allied powers forced the Central powers to

surrender after the Americans joined the war

3. What was the purpose of the Gallipoli campaign?o A. The Allied powers hoped to seek revenge for the

sinking of the Lusitaniao B. The Allied powers hoped to gain a supply line for

Russiao C. The Allied powers hoped to weaken the Central

powers by eliminating any threats from the Ottoman empire

o D. The Allied powers hoped to gain a port on the Aegean Sea

4. Which of the following led to the signing of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk?o A. Russian citizens suffered a shortage of food and fuelo B. The Czar was forced to step downo C. Lenin led a communist revolution which instituted a

new government in Russiao D. All of the above

5. What advantage did the Allied powers have over the Germans at the Second Battle of the Marne?o A. Germany was taken by surprise in the Allied attacko B. The Allies were aided by refreshed American troopso C. The Allies used airplanes to drop bombs on German

troopso D. All of the above