Russian Revolution

. 1Russian Revolution1

What inspired people to revolt during the French Revolution in the late 18th century?2How and Why: The French RevolutionWASTEWars (in Europe & competition for colonies: markets and resources)Absolutism (people wanted to replace it with representative govt & social contract popular sovereignty)Social Class (new social classes form (3rd estate rises up) Taxes & Debt(How do you pay for all those wars? Taxation! Louis XVI was the King of Debt)Enlightenment (there was no turning back after the philosophes Locke, Rousseau, Montesquieu, Voltaire, etc)3November 1917: The Bolsheviks have taken over Russia !This incredible event has just happened ! But its causes go back many yearsTo find out how this event finally happened, here are a series of headlines from newspapers between 1904 and 1917...

Our main question: Were W.A.S.T.E. causes also at play in the Russian Revolution?4NEWSFLASH 1!February 8, 1904

Japan Torpedos Russian Ship in Port Arthur!!War Breaks Out Between Russia and Japan!!

Vying for control over the Korean peninsula and influence in China, Japan and Russia finally face-off. Of these two emerging industrial powers, who will be the winner? European governments and the United States say the safe bet is on the Russianstheir fellow Europeans

Event: The Russo-Japanese War 1904-5

5Newsflash 2! Sunday, Bloody Sunday!!January 9th, 1905

Unhappy about the cost of the losing war with Japan (and its effect on Russian society) Peaceful demonstrators arrived at the Winter Palace in Saint Petersburg to present a petition to the czar. The Imperial Guard fired on the crowd, killing around 200 and wounding 800!!

Trust in the czar and the Russian Monarchy has never been lower

6NEWSFLASH 3! September 5th, 1905

Japan Victorious In Asia!

Unable to compete with superior Japanese military technology and industrial production, Russia signs the Treaty of Portsmouth. In accordance with the terms of the Treaty, Russia has to leave Manchuria, given Port Arthur to the Japanese and admit that Korea is once and for all in the Japanese sphere of influence.

Rumors of deep dissatisfaction among the Russian people grow

7NEWSFLASH 4! Revolt !!!!!October 17th, 1905

Angry about the loss to Japan, and furious about the violent suppression on Bloody Sunday, the Russians rise up and demand the government reforms!

Overwhelmed by this opposition, the czar signs a constitution and establishes a Parliament: called the Duma.

However, many Russians suspect the Duma will not hold any real power, and the czar will continue to hold the real power

8Newsflash 5! War Breaks Out In Europe!!!June 28, 1914

Archduke Franz Ferdinand is assassinated and Russia declares war on Austria-Hungary to protect its brother slavs in Serbia!!

(Oh, you know about all this)

What you dont know is that although the war is unpopular with the Russian people the czar forces his country to fightproving once and for all the powerlessness of the Duma.

The anger of the people is boiling over

9NEWSFLASH 6! Revolt Again!?!?!February, 1917

Russians are angry about the loss of life in World War I and food shortages continue, so they are rioting to demand an end to the war and an end to the shortages!!

The Bolsheviks (communists) are the only political party that is against the war, so the rioters asked the Bolsheviks to lead them!

But the government sends in troops to stop the rioters.Fearing persecution and execution, the leader of the Bolsheviks, Vladimir Lenin, flees to Europe.

Czar Nicholas wants to regain total power and break up the Duma, but they ignore him and set up the Provisional Governmenta temporary government to see Russia through the chaosand the czar leaves the throne.

The Russian people are hopeful that the Provisional Government will support their goals

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Newsflash 7! Important decisions have just been made!March 1917: The Provisional Governments decisions !

Decision 1: The Provisional Government will not end the war because the Germans would make the Russians pay too great a price (like giving up Poland) if they surrender!

Decision 2: The Provisional Government will not give the peasants back their land. They worry that if they start giving back land, Russian soldiers will leave the war and return to claim their land!

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Newsflash 8! Lenin Has Returned!!April 17, 1917

Lenin, the leader of the Bolsheviks, has just returned to Russia!

He is desperate to see the Bolsheviks take power !

He makes an important speech from the train station as soon as he arrives !

Here is a painting showing him delivering his speech.

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Lenins ideas are: Peace, Land and Bread! and All Power to the SovietsSo he wants:

An end to the war with GermanyLand taken from the nobles and given to the peasantsSoviets (communist leaders) to take power No co-operation with the Provisional Government!

These ideas come to be known as the April Theses!Is change on the way?13NEWSFLASH 10! Revolt YET Again!?!?!October 25, 1917

Thats right: inspired by the words of Lenin and the Bolsheviks, the soviets of Russia finally rise up in revolution... they overthrow the czar AND the Provisional Government!!

This great event is known as:

The Bolshevik Revolution(aka: The Russian Revolution)

They establish a new governmentthe Soviet Union, led by Lenin and start making changes like

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Epilogue Newsflash:Russia Drops Out Of War!!

Signing the Decree of Peacepromising an end to the war with Germany.

And the Decree on Landpromising to take land from the Russian nobles and give it to the people

Long Live The Revolution!!!

Everything is SURE to be better now

15How and Why: The Russian RevolutionWAST-MC!Wars (in Europe & competition for colonies: markets and resources)Absolutism (people wanted to replace it with communist leaders [Soviets])Social Class (the working class and peasants [serfs] revolt against the monarchy, the nobles and the industrial capitalists, completely changing the social order) Taxes & Debt(How do you pay for all those wars? Taxation! Czar Nicholas II played it just liked Louis XIV)Marxism-Communism(there was no turning back after Karl Marx and the Communist Manifesto a new generation of Soviet politicians inspires the working class to overthrow the corrupt government and set up a dictatorship of the proletariat)16. 17During the Civil War 1918-20The Execution of Tsar & family 10,000,000 lives lost

Age of Anxiety: Challenges to the System

Red Army TrainRussian soldiers join Bolsheviks at the Winter Palace17. 18Communism in RussiaWar CommunismThe New Economic PolicyJoseph Stalin (1879-1953)First Five-Year PlanCollectivization of Agriculture punishing kulaksChallenges to the System

18. 19Communism in RussiaThe Great Purge, 1934Congress of VictorsCongress of VictimsLabor campscleansingChallenges to the Liberal Order

Stalin faces down Capitalist Enemies ~ 1930s poster19We are still the only country of the proletarian dictatorship and are surrounded by capitalist countries, many of which are far in advance of us technicallyand economically. We must overtake and outstrip the advanced technology of the developed capitalist countries. That is why a fast rate of development of our industry is necessary and imperative.

20Persuasion IntimidationGovernment controls all mediaConstant propaganda in support of government policiesEducation used to teach children service to the stateMust join the Party to advance in any profession

Government exercises censorship over competing viewsTerror against enemies of the state - secret police, political prisons

21Features of Totalitarianism in Stalinist Russia: IntimidationSecret Police Campaigns against kulaks, people who were wreckers of the state, national minoritiesGulags - Work camps in Siberia for any critics of the regimePurge Trials (1936-38) aimed at all opposition to Stalin within the Communist Party PROPAGANDA!!!

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24Under the Great Stalins Guidance - Onward to Communism

25Come Comrades, Join Us on the Collective Farm!

26Two worlds - two plans

We plant lifeThey plant death

27We Will Keep Out the Kulaks

28100% of Village Members Must Join the Collective Farm!

29Reaping for a Bolshevik Harvest

30Get the Kulak Off the Collective Farm

31Fight against the way of laziness

32Landlords, kulaks, journalists, capitalists, White Russians, Mensheviks, priests, and drunkards have declared war on the Five Year Plan because they understand that it will bring about their final destruction.

33Imperialists Cannot Stop the Victorious Progression of the Five Year Plan!

34From Shock Brigades to ShockFactories and Mills

35Religion, Drunkenness and Illiteracy Are the Enemies of Socialist CultureThe active construction of socialism is through literacy.

36Stop!Here is something that must be ended.Here is something that needs to be fought: A throw-back to the old regime.Cities will be rendered healthy with proletarian tempering and the will and labor of women.

37Proletarians - Go to Technical Institutes!

38The smoke of the chimneys is the breath of Soviet Russia

39How it Will Be At the End Of the Five Year Plan

40We Are Young Leninists

41Lets raise a generation unconditionally loyal to the cause of communism

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