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Day two of an introduction to Permaculture course held at the Earthwise Community centres in Subiaco, Western Australia.
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An Introduction to Permaculture:Day Two
Brooke ’Sparkles’ Murphy and Harry Wykman
17th and 18th of July, 2010
Quiz
Quiz
PermaculturePrinciples 7-12
Introduction toSystems
Bioregion andMicroclimates
Design and Systems
Zones and Sectors
Guilds
Principles 10 - 12
Polyculture andCommunity
Social Permaculture
Review
References andResources
*
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Permaculture Principles 7-12
Quiz
PermaculturePrinciples 7-12
❖ Principle 7
❖ Principle 8
❖ Principle 9
Introduction toSystems
Bioregion andMicroclimates
Design and Systems
Zones and Sectors
Guilds
Principles 10 - 12
Polyculture andCommunity
Social Permaculture
Review
References andResources
*
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Principle 7: Design from patterns to detail
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Principle 7: Design from patterns to detail
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Principle 7: Design from patterns to detail
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● Top down, but derived from Principle 1.
Principle 7: Design from patterns to detail
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● Top down, but derived from Principle 1.
● However, "the map is not the territory"
Principle 8: Integrate rather than segregate
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Principle 8: Integrate rather than segregate
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Principle 8: Integrate rather than segregate
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● Simplification / segregation allowed by cheap energy - it is expensive
Principle 8: Integrate rather than segregate
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● Simplification / segregation allowed by cheap energy - it is expensive
● Integration is complex, knowledge and skill intensive - risks competi-tion (balance with Principle 3.
/home/harry/Documents/Business/Peacetree
Principle 9: Use small and slow solutions
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Principle 9: Use small and slow solutions
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Principle 9: Use small and slow solutions
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● Inverse proportionality of the small farm - small farm yields can be 2 -200 times more productive
Principle 9: Use small and slow solutions
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● Inverse proportionality of the small farm - small farm yields can be 2 -200 times more productive
● Resiliance is built on a foundation of local and adaptive solutions
Introduction to Systems
Quiz
PermaculturePrinciples 7-12
Introduction toSystems
❖ Keyline
❖ Climate andPermaculture
❖ Perth Climate
Bioregion andMicroclimates
Design and Systems
Zones and Sectors
Guilds
Principles 10 - 12
Polyculture andCommunity
Social Permaculture
Review
References andResources
*13 / 56
The Keyline Scale of Permanence
Quiz
PermaculturePrinciples 7-12
Introduction toSystems
❖ Keyline
❖ Climate andPermaculture
❖ Perth Climate
Bioregion andMicroclimates
Design and Systems
Zones and Sectors
Guilds
Principles 10 - 12
Polyculture andCommunity
Social Permaculture
Review
References andResources
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The Keyline scale of the rel-ative permanence of thingsagricultural:
1. Climate
2. Land shape
3. Water supply
4. Farm roads
5. Trees
6. Permanent buildings
7. Subdivision fences
8. Soil
Climate and Permaculture
Quiz
PermaculturePrinciples 7-12
Introduction toSystems
❖ Keyline
❖ Climate andPermaculture
❖ Perth Climate
Bioregion andMicroclimates
Design and Systems
Zones and Sectors
Guilds
Principles 10 - 12
Polyculture andCommunity
Social Permaculture
Review
References andResources
*15 / 56
Central to Permaculture design is the assembly of plants,animals and technologies in beneficial relationships. Thepalette of plant, animal and structural / technologicalelements we draw from is primarily determined by climate.
Climate and Permaculture
Quiz
PermaculturePrinciples 7-12
Introduction toSystems
❖ Keyline
❖ Climate andPermaculture
❖ Perth Climate
Bioregion andMicroclimates
Design and Systems
Zones and Sectors
Guilds
Principles 10 - 12
Polyculture andCommunity
Social Permaculture
Review
References andResources
*15 / 56
Central to Permaculture design is the assembly of plants,animals and technologies in beneficial relationships. Thepalette of plant, animal and structural / technologicalelements we draw from is primarily determined by climate.
Plant and animal communities which are characteristic ofparticular climatic zones are said to form a biome. Thesesystems become our principle models for ecological design.
Climate and Permaculture
Quiz
PermaculturePrinciples 7-12
Introduction toSystems
❖ Keyline
❖ Climate andPermaculture
❖ Perth Climate
Bioregion andMicroclimates
Design and Systems
Zones and Sectors
Guilds
Principles 10 - 12
Polyculture andCommunity
Social Permaculture
Review
References andResources
*15 / 56
Central to Permaculture design is the assembly of plants,animals and technologies in beneficial relationships. Thepalette of plant, animal and structural / technologicalelements we draw from is primarily determined by climate.
Plant and animal communities which are characteristic ofparticular climatic zones are said to form a biome. Thesesystems become our principle models for ecological design.
Where landform and soil interact with broader climatic forcesto form distinct patters in a particular place, this place isknown as a bioregion. In permaculture, bioregional patternsare captured by the process of sector planning.
Climate and Permaculture
Quiz
PermaculturePrinciples 7-12
Introduction toSystems
❖ Keyline
❖ Climate andPermaculture
❖ Perth Climate
Bioregion andMicroclimates
Design and Systems
Zones and Sectors
Guilds
Principles 10 - 12
Polyculture andCommunity
Social Permaculture
Review
References andResources
*15 / 56
Central to Permaculture design is the assembly of plants,animals and technologies in beneficial relationships. Thepalette of plant, animal and structural / technologicalelements we draw from is primarily determined by climate.
Plant and animal communities which are characteristic ofparticular climatic zones are said to form a biome. Thesesystems become our principle models for ecological design.
Where landform and soil interact with broader climatic forcesto form distinct patters in a particular place, this place isknown as a bioregion. In permaculture, bioregional patternsare captured by the process of sector planning.
In Permaculture, the diversity of a system is increased(Principle 10.) and the climate-determined-palette isexpanded by the creation of microclimates.
Perth Climate
Quiz
PermaculturePrinciples 7-12
Introduction toSystems
❖ Keyline
❖ Climate andPermaculture
❖ Perth Climate
Bioregion andMicroclimates
Design and Systems
Zones and Sectors
Guilds
Principles 10 - 12
Polyculture andCommunity
Social Permaculture
Review
References andResources
*16 / 56
● Biome: Mediterranean(Kwongan)
Perth Climate
Quiz
PermaculturePrinciples 7-12
Introduction toSystems
❖ Keyline
❖ Climate andPermaculture
❖ Perth Climate
Bioregion andMicroclimates
Design and Systems
Zones and Sectors
Guilds
Principles 10 - 12
Polyculture andCommunity
Social Permaculture
Review
References andResources
*16 / 56
● Biome: Mediterranean(Kwongan)
● Longterm AverageRainfall: 854 mm
Perth Climate
Quiz
PermaculturePrinciples 7-12
Introduction toSystems
❖ Keyline
❖ Climate andPermaculture
❖ Perth Climate
Bioregion andMicroclimates
Design and Systems
Zones and Sectors
Guilds
Principles 10 - 12
Polyculture andCommunity
Social Permaculture
Review
References andResources
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● Biome: Mediterranean(Kwongan)
● Longterm AverageRainfall: 854 mm
● Mean Maximum Tem-perature: 24.4˚ C
Perth Climate
Quiz
PermaculturePrinciples 7-12
Introduction toSystems
❖ Keyline
❖ Climate andPermaculture
❖ Perth Climate
Bioregion andMicroclimates
Design and Systems
Zones and Sectors
Guilds
Principles 10 - 12
Polyculture andCommunity
Social Permaculture
Review
References andResources
*16 / 56
● Biome: Mediterranean(Kwongan)
● Longterm AverageRainfall: 854 mm
● Mean Maximum Tem-perature: 24.4˚ C
● Mean Daily Sunshine:8.8 hours
Perth Climate
Quiz
PermaculturePrinciples 7-12
Introduction toSystems
❖ Keyline
❖ Climate andPermaculture
❖ Perth Climate
Bioregion andMicroclimates
Design and Systems
Zones and Sectors
Guilds
Principles 10 - 12
Polyculture andCommunity
Social Permaculture
Review
References andResources
*16 / 56
● Biome: Mediterranean(Kwongan)
● Longterm AverageRainfall: 854 mm
● Mean Maximum Tem-perature: 24.4˚ C
● Mean Daily Sunshine:8.8 hours
● Mean MonthlyEvapotranspiration:2044 mm
Mediterranean Climate Strategies
Quiz
PermaculturePrinciples 7-12
Introduction toSystems
❖ Keyline
❖ Climate andPermaculture
❖ Perth Climate
Bioregion andMicroclimates
Design and Systems
Zones and Sectors
Guilds
Principles 10 - 12
Polyculture andCommunity
Social Permaculture
Review
References andResources
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Water (the limiting factor)
● Store in landscape
● use greywater for productive gardens in the waterlessmonths
● mulch and cover with vegetation to maintain
Nutrient
● Store and cycle in biological systems
Temperature
● Moderate effects with passive and biological strategies(placement, thermal mass, vegetation)
Bioregion and Microclimates
Quiz
PermaculturePrinciples 7-12
Introduction toSystems
Bioregion andMicroclimates
❖ Bioregion
❖ Microclimate
❖ The Herb Spiral
Design and Systems
Zones and Sectors
Guilds
Principles 10 - 12
Polyculture andCommunity
Social Permaculture
Review
References andResources
*
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Bioregion
Quiz
PermaculturePrinciples 7-12
Introduction toSystems
Bioregion andMicroclimates
❖ Bioregion
❖ Microclimate
❖ The Herb Spiral
Design and Systems
Zones and Sectors
Guilds
Principles 10 - 12
Polyculture andCommunity
Social Permaculture
Review
References andResources
*
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"Each bioregion has a generalised sectorlayout, which is modified by topography,microclimate and land use for each particularsite. Using the sector concept to understandand take account of the wild energies thatinfluence a site allows us to make best use ofthose energies and diffuse or deflect theiroccasional destructive nature." [Holmgren,2002, p. 143]
Sun Stretch
Microclimate
Quiz
PermaculturePrinciples 7-12
Introduction toSystems
Bioregion andMicroclimates
❖ Bioregion
❖ Microclimate
❖ The Herb Spiral
Design and Systems
Zones and Sectors
Guilds
Principles 10 - 12
Polyculture andCommunity
Social Permaculture
Review
References andResources
*
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What is it?
Microclimate
Quiz
PermaculturePrinciples 7-12
Introduction toSystems
Bioregion andMicroclimates
❖ Bioregion
❖ Microclimate
❖ The Herb Spiral
Design and Systems
Zones and Sectors
Guilds
Principles 10 - 12
Polyculture andCommunity
Social Permaculture
Review
References andResources
*
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What is it?
Site specific climatic effects due to topography,soil, vegetation and other site factors.
Microclimate
Quiz
PermaculturePrinciples 7-12
Introduction toSystems
Bioregion andMicroclimates
❖ Bioregion
❖ Microclimate
❖ The Herb Spiral
Design and Systems
Zones and Sectors
Guilds
Principles 10 - 12
Polyculture andCommunity
Social Permaculture
Review
References andResources
*
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What is it?
Site specific climatic effects due to topography,soil, vegetation and other site factors.
Why are they important?
Microclimate
Quiz
PermaculturePrinciples 7-12
Introduction toSystems
Bioregion andMicroclimates
❖ Bioregion
❖ Microclimate
❖ The Herb Spiral
Design and Systems
Zones and Sectors
Guilds
Principles 10 - 12
Polyculture andCommunity
Social Permaculture
Review
References andResources
*
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What is it?
Site specific climatic effects due to topography,soil, vegetation and other site factors.
Why are they important?
If we study the microclimates on our site, we willbe able to:
Microclimate
Quiz
PermaculturePrinciples 7-12
Introduction toSystems
Bioregion andMicroclimates
❖ Bioregion
❖ Microclimate
❖ The Herb Spiral
Design and Systems
Zones and Sectors
Guilds
Principles 10 - 12
Polyculture andCommunity
Social Permaculture
Review
References andResources
*
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What is it?
Site specific climatic effects due to topography,soil, vegetation and other site factors.
Why are they important?
If we study the microclimates on our site, we willbe able to:
● place structures, plants, and animals in themost favourable sites
Microclimate
Quiz
PermaculturePrinciples 7-12
Introduction toSystems
Bioregion andMicroclimates
❖ Bioregion
❖ Microclimate
❖ The Herb Spiral
Design and Systems
Zones and Sectors
Guilds
Principles 10 - 12
Polyculture andCommunity
Social Permaculture
Review
References andResources
*
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What is it?
Site specific climatic effects due to topography,soil, vegetation and other site factors.
Why are they important?
If we study the microclimates on our site, we willbe able to:
● place structures, plants, and animals in themost favourable sites
● focus beneficial energies and scatter hostileenergies coming into the site
Microclimate
Quiz
PermaculturePrinciples 7-12
Introduction toSystems
Bioregion andMicroclimates
❖ Bioregion
❖ Microclimate
❖ The Herb Spiral
Design and Systems
Zones and Sectors
Guilds
Principles 10 - 12
Polyculture andCommunity
Social Permaculture
Review
References andResources
*
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What is it?
Site specific climatic effects due to topography,soil, vegetation and other site factors.
Why are they important?
If we study the microclimates on our site, we willbe able to:
● place structures, plants, and animals in themost favourable sites
● focus beneficial energies and scatter hostileenergies coming into the site
● extend favourable microclimates.
Classic Permaculture Example: The HerbSpiral
Quiz
PermaculturePrinciples 7-12
Introduction toSystems
Bioregion andMicroclimates
❖ Bioregion
❖ Microclimate
❖ The Herb Spiral
Design and Systems
Zones and Sectors
Guilds
Principles 10 - 12
Polyculture andCommunity
Social Permaculture
Review
References andResources
*
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Classic Permaculture Example: The HerbSpiral
Quiz
PermaculturePrinciples 7-12
Introduction toSystems
Bioregion andMicroclimates
❖ Bioregion
❖ Microclimate
❖ The Herb Spiral
Design and Systems
Zones and Sectors
Guilds
Principles 10 - 12
Polyculture andCommunity
Social Permaculture
Review
References andResources
*
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Microclimate
● Dry sunny: top Northside
Classic Permaculture Example: The HerbSpiral
Quiz
PermaculturePrinciples 7-12
Introduction toSystems
Bioregion andMicroclimates
❖ Bioregion
❖ Microclimate
❖ The Herb Spiral
Design and Systems
Zones and Sectors
Guilds
Principles 10 - 12
Polyculture andCommunity
Social Permaculture
Review
References andResources
*
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Microclimate
● Dry sunny: top Northside
● Dry shaded: top Southside
Classic Permaculture Example: The HerbSpiral
Quiz
PermaculturePrinciples 7-12
Introduction toSystems
Bioregion andMicroclimates
❖ Bioregion
❖ Microclimate
❖ The Herb Spiral
Design and Systems
Zones and Sectors
Guilds
Principles 10 - 12
Polyculture andCommunity
Social Permaculture
Review
References andResources
*
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Microclimate
● Dry sunny: top Northside
● Dry shaded: top Southside
● Moist sunny : bottomNorth
Classic Permaculture Example: The HerbSpiral
Quiz
PermaculturePrinciples 7-12
Introduction toSystems
Bioregion andMicroclimates
❖ Bioregion
❖ Microclimate
❖ The Herb Spiral
Design and Systems
Zones and Sectors
Guilds
Principles 10 - 12
Polyculture andCommunity
Social Permaculture
Review
References andResources
*
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Microclimate
● Dry sunny: top Northside
● Dry shaded: top Southside
● Moist sunny : bottomNorth
● Moist shaded : bottomSouth
Classic Permaculture Example: The HerbSpiral
Quiz
PermaculturePrinciples 7-12
Introduction toSystems
Bioregion andMicroclimates
❖ Bioregion
❖ Microclimate
❖ The Herb Spiral
Design and Systems
Zones and Sectors
Guilds
Principles 10 - 12
Polyculture andCommunity
Social Permaculture
Review
References andResources
*
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Microclimate
● Dry sunny: top Northside
● Dry shaded: top Southside
● Moist sunny : bottomNorth
● Moist shaded : bottomSouth
● Wet : pond
Classic Permaculture Example: The HerbSpiral
Quiz
PermaculturePrinciples 7-12
Introduction toSystems
Bioregion andMicroclimates
❖ Bioregion
❖ Microclimate
❖ The Herb Spiral
Design and Systems
Zones and Sectors
Guilds
Principles 10 - 12
Polyculture andCommunity
Social Permaculture
Review
References andResources
*
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Microclimate
● Dry sunny: top Northside
● Dry shaded: top Southside
● Moist sunny : bottomNorth
● Moist shaded : bottomSouth
● Wet : pond
Design and Systems Thinking: Methods forDesign
Quiz
PermaculturePrinciples 7-12
Introduction toSystems
Bioregion andMicroclimates
Design and Systems
❖ Input OutputAnalysis
Zones and Sectors
Guilds
Principles 10 - 12
Polyculture andCommunity
Social Permaculture
Review
References andResources
*
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Input Output Analysis
Quiz
PermaculturePrinciples 7-12
Introduction toSystems
Bioregion andMicroclimates
Design and Systems
❖ Input OutputAnalysis
Zones and Sectors
Guilds
Principles 10 - 12
Polyculture andCommunity
Social Permaculture
Review
References andResources
*
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● What is an element?
Input Output Analysis
Quiz
PermaculturePrinciples 7-12
Introduction toSystems
Bioregion andMicroclimates
Design and Systems
❖ Input OutputAnalysis
Zones and Sectors
Guilds
Principles 10 - 12
Polyculture andCommunity
Social Permaculture
Review
References andResources
*
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● What is an element?
● Classic Permaculture Example: The Chicken
Zones and Sectors
Quiz
PermaculturePrinciples 7-12
Introduction toSystems
Bioregion andMicroclimates
Design and Systems
Zones and Sectors
❖ Keyline
Guilds
Principles 10 - 12
Polyculture andCommunity
Social Permaculture
Review
References andResources
*
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The Keyline Scale of Permanence
Quiz
PermaculturePrinciples 7-12
Introduction toSystems
Bioregion andMicroclimates
Design and Systems
Zones and Sectors
❖ Keyline
Guilds
Principles 10 - 12
Polyculture andCommunity
Social Permaculture
Review
References andResources
*
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The Keyline scale of the rel-ative permanence of thingsagricultural:
1. Climate
2. Land shape
3. Water supply
4. Farm roads
5. Trees
6. Permanent buildings
7. Subdivision fences
8. Soil
A Very Brief Introduction to Guilds
Quiz
PermaculturePrinciples 7-12
Introduction toSystems
Bioregion andMicroclimates
Design and Systems
Zones and Sectors
Guilds❖ Plants andEcosystems
Principles 10 - 12
Polyculture andCommunity
Social Permaculture
Review
References andResources
*
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Plants and Ecosystems: Guilds
Quiz
PermaculturePrinciples 7-12
Introduction toSystems
Bioregion andMicroclimates
Design and Systems
Zones and Sectors
Guilds❖ Plants andEcosystems
Principles 10 - 12
Polyculture andCommunity
Social Permaculture
Review
References andResources
*
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Traditional Centered Per-maculture Guild
"Guilds are madeup of a close asso-ciation of speciesclustered arounda central element(plant of animal).This assemblyacts in relationto the element toassist in health,aid our work inmanagement,
or buffer adverseenvironmental ef-fects." — MOLLI-SON [1988, p. 60]
Plants and Ecosystems: Guilds
Quiz
PermaculturePrinciples 7-12
Introduction toSystems
Bioregion andMicroclimates
Design and Systems
Zones and Sectors
Guilds❖ Plants andEcosystems
Principles 10 - 12
Polyculture andCommunity
Social Permaculture
Review
References andResources
*
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More recent PERMACULTURE writing has seen this definitionexpanded. Guilds are not seen as necessarily ‘centered’ butinclude any beneficial interspecies interaction whichdemonstrates either or both mutual support and resourcesharing. JACKE and TOENSMEIER [2005, 151] that
"mutual support guilds build social structure."
They continue, writing that these relationships
". . . can include such diverse interactions aspollination support, inhibition of competitors,physical support or vines, microclimatemodification, providing habitat for critical animals orany number of other functions."
Principles 10 - 12
Quiz
PermaculturePrinciples 7-12
Introduction toSystems
Bioregion andMicroclimates
Design and Systems
Zones and Sectors
Guilds
Principles 10 - 12
❖ Principle 10
❖ Principle 11
❖ Principle 12
Polyculture andCommunity
Social Permaculture
Review
References andResources
*
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Principle 10: Use and value diversity
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Principle 10: Use and value diversity
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Principle 10: Use and value diversity
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● Again, use and value — (bio-)diversity and yield
Principle 10: Use and value diversity
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● Again, use and value — (bio-)diversity and yield
● Resiliance through relationship and redundancy — diversity and se-curity
Principle 11: Use edges and value themarginal
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Principle 11: Use edges and value themarginal
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Principle 11: Use edges and value themarginal
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● The grass really is greener on the other side (Albrecht)
Principle 11: Use edges and value themarginal
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● The grass really is greener on the other side (Albrecht)
● Social (minorities), spatial (limina) and temporal (eg. sunrise, sunset)
Principle 12: Creatively use and respond tochange
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Principle 12: Creatively use and respond tochange
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Principle 12: Creatively use and respond tochange
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● Use succession and other dynamic processes (eg. designed distur-bance)
Principle 12: Creatively use and respond tochange
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● Use succession and other dynamic processes (eg. designed distur-bance)
● Adapt to change from outside (eg. climate change)
Polyculture and Community
Quiz
PermaculturePrinciples 7-12
Introduction toSystems
Bioregion andMicroclimates
Design and Systems
Zones and Sectors
Guilds
Principles 10 - 12
Polyculture andCommunity
Social Permaculture
Review
References andResources
*
50 / 56
Social Permaculture
Quiz
PermaculturePrinciples 7-12
Introduction toSystems
Bioregion andMicroclimates
Design and Systems
Zones and Sectors
Guilds
Principles 10 - 12
Polyculture andCommunity
Social Permaculture
Review
References andResources
*
51 / 56
Review
Quiz
PermaculturePrinciples 7-12
Introduction toSystems
Bioregion andMicroclimates
Design and Systems
Zones and Sectors
Guilds
Principles 10 - 12
Polyculture andCommunity
Social Permaculture
Review
References andResources
*
52 / 56
References and Resources
Quiz
PermaculturePrinciples 7-12
Introduction toSystems
Bioregion andMicroclimates
Design and Systems
Zones and Sectors
Guilds
Principles 10 - 12
Polyculture andCommunity
Social Permaculture
Review
References andResources
❖ References
*
53 / 56
References
Quiz
PermaculturePrinciples 7-12
Introduction toSystems
Bioregion andMicroclimates
Design and Systems
Zones and Sectors
Guilds
Principles 10 - 12
Polyculture andCommunity
Social Permaculture
Review
References andResources
❖ References
*
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Community
Social Permaculture
Review
References andResources
*
References
David Holmgren. Permaculture : principles & pathways beyond sustainability.Holmgren Design Services, Hepburn Vic., 2002. ISBN 9780646418445.
Dave Jacke and Eric Toensmeier. Edible forest gardens: Ecological vision andtheory for temperate climate permaculture. vol. 1. Chelsea Green Pub. Co.,White River Junction Vt., 2005. ISBN 9781931498807.
B Mollison. Permaculture : a designer’s manual. Tagari Publications, TyalgumAustralia, 1988. ISBN 9780908228010.
Credits
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This document, authored by Harry Wykman in collaboration withBrooke ’Sparkles’ Murphy is licensed under a Creative CommonsAttribution 2.5 Australia License.
● 35 Woolgar WayLOCKRIDGE, 6054
● (08) 9377 1258 or 0419662189
● www.peacetreepermaculture.com.au
