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TECHNICAL SERVICES INFORMATION BUREAU
Exterior Plaster Wall and Ceilings, Fire-Resistive & Drywall Assemblies:
Presented by the Technical Services Information
Bureau . . .
Darin CoatsBryan Stanley
Michael M. Logue
WESTERN WALL & CEILING CONTRACTORS ASSOCIATION
TECHNICAL SERVICES INFORMATION BUREAU
•Administrative Functions•Multi Employer Bargaining Agent•Trustee of Pension, Health & Welfare•Apprenticeship Programs •Member Benefits •Union Contract Administrator
•Technical Services•Trade Promotion•Trade Education •Industry Standards•Field Inspections and Reports•Code Development•Technical Committees and Councils•Detailing – Spec Review•Preconstruction – Mock Ups
Who we are … a little history
WWCCA / TSIB can be traced back to 1929, when we were called the Contracting Plasterers’ Association Southern California CPASC.
The original state association board members
1929 – 1988 …
Materials suppliers and manufacturers have long been an integral part of the Association
Back then plaster was applied over strips of wood called “wood lath”
Advancements in manufacturing brought new materials for lathing
Early metal lath provided better keying for the plaster scratch coat
As the industry grew, so to did the need for technical services. Walt Pruter started the Plastering Information Bureau in 1952
Walt Pruter Clyde Bell Jim Rose Harold McKeller
Walt Pruter, was a WWII carrier pilot, an architect from the
Illinois Institute of Technology, and an architectural representative
from United States Gypsum prior to his career with the Bureau
Twelve years later Walt turned over the
Plastering Information Bureau to J.R. “Dick”
Gorman
Dick Gorman, was an Army
Captain and an Architect from
Rice University before he came to
us from Kaiser Gypsum
Dick was instrumental in the development of the Data Guide and Reference Spec’s, and the original stucco textures and finishes brochure …
In the 50’s, southern California began a housing boom and ushered in the era of the tract home. Stucco (exterior) and Gypsum Plaster (interior) were used extensively.
The advent of the tract home in the 50’s put many Southern California plastering contractors on the map.
Past PresidentsGeo. M. Raymond C. B. Scott
Commercial and Residential markets continued to grow into the 1960’s and plaster was there to meet
the growing demands of designers
As the complexity of structures increased, so to did the need for a reliable, accurate source of information. In 1977, Walt Pruter, Clay Johnson and Sam Jaffe published the Plaster/Metal Framing Systems/Lath Manual.
First Edition Second Edition
In 1987, Dick Gorman, Walt Pruter, Jim Rose and Sam Jaffe published the 3rd edition of the manual, which now contained drywall technical information, and called it the Drywall and Plaster Systems Manual – AKA “The Manual”
TSIB Staff and Consultants 1952 - 2008 Walt Pruter 1964 J.R. “Dick” Gorman – Senior Consultant, field
inspections from LA – to San Luis Obispo 2000 Michael Logue – Director - Oversees all Technical
Services. ASTM/ICC/ACI/AIA/AWCI/FCA/DWFC/WCWCI
2002 Darin Coats – Technical Advisor – Specializes in Drywall and Drywall Finishing, and Ceramic Tile Bases DWFC/CTIOA/WCWCI
2005 Bryan Stanley – Technical Advisor – Specializes in Acrylic and EIFS – Runs the San Diego membership meetings – CSI/AIA/WCWCI
TSIB – What we do
Trade Promotion Trade Education – AIA Accredited Continuing
Education Research and Development of Industry
Standards Third Party Field Inspections and Reports Code Development Technical Committees and Councils Architectural Consulting - Details and
Specifications Preconstruction and Mock-up meetings Contractor – Architect – Inspector Liaison
Trade Promotion
2002 Construction Specifications Institute Annual Trade Show –Las Vegas, NV
Education
Research and Development of Industry Standards
Application of lath Lath trims and screeds Suspended ceilings Plaster mixes Weather-Resistive Barriers Plaster Over Masonry – Direct Applied Metal Stud Framing Gypsum Sheathing Fire Rated Assemblies Drywall Finishing
Third Party Field Inspections
100_2754.mov
Code Development
California Building Standards Commission
International Code Council
ASTM
ANSI
Technical Committees and Councils
ASTM C -11
American Concrete Institute –
Steel Stud Manufacturers Association
AWCI Technical Committees
Portland Cement Association
Drywall Finishing Council
Western Conference of Wall & Ceiling Institutes
Ceramic Tile Institute of America
Plans and Specifications Reviewing
Cedars Sinai – North Care Tower
White Memorial
Arcadia Methodist Tower
Hoag – Newport Beach, CA
Twin Cities – Templeton, CA
Santa Barbara Hospital
Kaiser Sand Canyon
Kaiser Panorama City
Orange County Performing Arts Center
Pierce College
PORTLAND CEMENT PLASTER
Plaster is an ancient material, durable, inexpensive and versatile material...
HISTORIC PLASTER OVER MASONRY –OLD MILL - SAN MARINO, CA
HISTORIC PLASTER OVER MASONRY –OLD MILL - SAN MARINO, CA
SIMULATION OF AFRICAN NATIVE MUD PLASTERING – SAN DIEGO WILD ANIMAL PARK
SIMULATED STONE CASTLE – MODIFIED PLASTER SYSTEM – LEGOLAND
SIMULATED STONE FIREPLACE – MODIFIED PLASTER SYSTEM – LEGOLAND
EXTERIOR PLASTER WALL AND CEILING SYSTEMS - PROGRAM OUTLINE
•MASONRY SUBSTRATES
•WOOD FRAMING
•METAL STUD FRAMING
•PLASTER CEILINGS
•EXTERIOR GYP. SHEATHING
•WEATHER-RESISTANT BARRIERS
•FLASHING
•LATH AND ACCESSORIES
•SCRATCH & BROWN
• FINISHES
• CONTINUOUS INSULATION
MASONRY
Cast-in-Place Concrete / CMU
Cast-in-P lace Concrete
Cured 28 days – ACI 308R Clean ¼ in 10’
Cast-in-P lace Concret
Apply lath and 3 coat when matching framed and lathed walls
If Direct Applied, apply bonder evenly
Document Point / Patch by others
Cast-in-Place Concrete
Sodium Silicate bond breaker will dissipate and can be direct applied with plaster.Petroleum based, oil / paraffin etc. cannot be direct applied over.
Bond Breakers “A1.6.2 Form release compounds shall be compatible with plaster or be completely removed from surfaces to receive plaster.” - ASTM C 926
MEDIUM DENSITY OVERLAYFORMS TOO SMOOTH FOR PLASTER
Cast-in-place Concrete – DIRECT APPLY
Concrete Masonry Units Yorba Linda High School – Perlite Plastering 2009
CMU
Joints Cut Flush 90 % Loaded Fully Cured Clean ¼ in. Alignment
CONCRETE MASONRY UNITS – DIRECT APPLY
WOOD
Wood
Wood
•Locate CJ - Vertical backing
Wood
•Sill Plate Offset
Wood
•Plywood Gaped 1/8 in.
SPACER NAIL – NO 1/8” GAP
Wood
•2 Layers grade “D”
ROLL FORMED METAL
Roll Formed Steel
Roll Formed Steel
•16 Gage - .0549”
•16” O.C. Vertical
•13 ½” – 12” Ceilings
•L/360
•ASTM C 1063 (NLB) – ¼ in. – 10’
•ASTM C 1007 (LB) – 1/8 in. – 10’
Steel Framing Construction Basics
Member Nomenclature
A primer on Nomenclature Steel framing industry moving away from
using the term “gauge” to refer to thickness of material.
•Thickness expressed in “mils”:
•One mil = 1/1000 inch.
•Basic information is on inside front cover of SSMA catalog.
Standardization600 S 162 - 54
• Steel Members are Standardized Using a Universal Designation System
6” member depth
Stud or Joist with Lips
1-5/8” Flange (1.625”)
Min. base metal thickness in mils
(0.054” = 54 mils)
Member Depth: Measured on studs: outside flanges. Measured on tracks: inside flanges.
AT LEAST ONE CREATIVE MIND
EVEN LOOKED BEYOND
CONVENTIONIAL MATERIALS
FOR THEIR PLASTER
SUBSTRATE…
CHAIN LINK FENCE ! ! !…CHAIN LINK FENCE ! ! !
Good plaster starts w ith good lathing
8 or 9 Gage Hanger Wire – 3 ½’ O. C.1 ½” CRC Main Runners – 3 ½’ O.C.¾” CRC Cross Furring – 13 ½” O.C.3.4 lb/sy Exp. Metal Lath – tie wireControl Joints – 100 SF – Provide Backing
Plaster CeilingsSuspended Iron / Lath / Tie WireNo Rib LathNo Sheathing / WRBDEFS – a good substitute
SUSPENDED CEILINGS
SADDLE TIES
DON’T USE SHEATHING AND WEATHER-RESISTANT BARRIERS
PLASTER CEILINGS
EXTERIOR GYP. SHEATHING - METAL STUD FRAMING
WHY USE IT?
•PROVIDES BACKING AND UNIFORM FLATNESS
•ELIMINATES MOST VERTICAL LINES
•PROVIDES ATTACHMENT FOR BUILDING PAPER
•REQUIRED FOR RATED CONSTRUCTION
EXTERIOR SHEATHING - METAL STUD FRAMING
WHY USE IT?
•PROVIDES BACKING AND UNIFORM FLATNESS
A: ELIMINATES MOST VERTICAL LINES
WHY USE IT?EXTERIOR SHEATHING - METAL STUD FRAMING
A: MAKES DEEP COLORS MORE CONSISTENT
WHY USE IT?EXTERIOR SHEATHING - METAL STUD FRAMING
PROVIDES ATTACHMENT FOR BUILDING PAPER
EXTERIOR SHEATHINGWHY USE SHEATHING?
•PUTS GYPSUM IN THE PLASER SYSTEM FOR RATED SYSTEMS
WEATHER-RESISTING BARRIER
The IBC & CBC use the term “Weather-Resisting Barrier“in the definition of “Exterior Wall Covering “ (§1402)
A Weather-Resisting Barrier is comprised of one or more Water-Resistive Barriers WRB
The WRB’s work together to create a weather-resistant exterior wall envelope (§1403.2)
What does the WRB do?
In a plastered wall (a drainage system) the WRB is the primary means of waterproofing
BUILDING PAPERS
GRADE “B”
GRADE “D”
SYNTHETIC OR NON-PAPER
TYPES OF COMMONLY USED BUILDING PAPERS
Paperback Lath
GRADE “B”
WATER PENETRATION RESISTANCE -RATED AT 16 HOURS
U.V. SENSATIVE - TENDS TO SHRINK AND WRINKLE
NOT VAPOR PERMEABLEAND CANNOT BE USED WITH WOOD-BASED SHEATHING
GRADE “B”
GRADE “B”
GRADE “D”
10 TO 60 MINUTE RATED FOR USE OVER WOOD-BASED
SHEATHING IN TWO LAYERS ALLOWS VAPOR PERMABILITY RESISTS U.V. DEGRADATION
BETTER THAN GRADE “B”
GRADE “D”
GRADE “D”
CLASSIFIED GRADE “D” SUPERIOR PRODUCT IN AREA OF
HIGH WINDS - RESISTS TEARING
FELTDo not use #15 or 30# felt for a
weather resistant barrier! Felt is
a roofing product that is no
longer used in wall and ceiling
assemblies.
FLASHING AND SEALANTS
SEA
LA
NT
S/CA
UL
KIN
G &
BA
CKE
R
# 40 TWO-PIECE EXPANSION JOINT
XJ 15 ONE-PIECE CONTROL JOINT
#40 TWO PIECE VERTICAL JOINT
LATHING
ACCESSORIESControl Joint: XJ-15
LATHING
ACCESSORIESInside Corner Joint: No. 30
LATHING ACCESSORIES
No. 5 Drip Mould
LATHING ACCESSORIESCASING BEADS - PLASTER GROUNDS
Short Flange No. 66
Expanded Flange No. 66
LACK OF CASING BEAD: NO DEFINITIVE SEPARATION TO DISSIMILAR MATERIAL
LATHING ACCESSORIESCASING BEADS - PLASTER GROUNDS
LACK OF CASING BEAD: RESULTANT CRACKING
LATHING ACCESSORIESCASING BEADS - PLASTER GROUNDS
GOOD USE OF CASING BEAD
LATHING ACCESSORIESCASING BEADS - PLASTER GROUNDS
LATHING ACCESSORIESCASING BEADS - PLASTER GROUNDS
LATHING ACCESSORIESOUTSIDE CORNER REINFORCEMENT
Corner Bead
Corner Aid
CORNER AIDOUTSIDE CORNER REINFORCEMENT
CORNER BEADOUTSIDE CORNER REINFORCEMENT
LATHING ACCESSORIES
Foundation Weep Screed
PER ASTM C 1063 - 7.11.5
UBC Reference:2506.5 Application of Metal Plaster Bases
A minimum 0.019-inch (.48 mm) (No. 26 galvanized sheet gage) corrosion-resistant weep screed with a minimum vertical attachment flange of 3 1/2 inches (89 mm) shall be provided at or below the foundation plate line on all exterior stud walls. The screed shall be placed a minimum of 4 inches (102 mm) above the earth or 2 inches (51 mm) above paved areas and shall be of a type that will allow trapped water to drain to the exterior of the building. The weather-resistive barrier shall lap the attachment flange, and the exterior lath shall cover and terminate on the attachment flange of the screed.
PLASTER BASES – TYPES OF LATH
Expanded MetalASTM C847
WOVEN WIRE ASTM C1032
WELDED WIRE - NO PAPER ASTM C933
WELDED WIRE WITH PAPER – ASTM C933
Scratch & Brown
CementLimeSandWater
NEGATIVE characteristics of Portland Cement Based Plaster
•Non-Structural
•Brittle
•Good Compressive Strength
•Poor Tensile Strength
•Shrinks During Hydration
•Prone to Cracking
POSTIIVE characteristics of Portland Cement Based Plaster
•Water Permeable (water management system)
•Moisture saturates approximately 1/16” – 1/8” per hour during heavy precipitation
•Water needs a pathway back out of the plaster systems
•Walls breath instead of trapping water
PORTLAND CEMENT “SCRATCH”
PORTLAND CEMENT “SCRATCH”
NOTCHED TROWEL
PORTLAND CEMENT “SCRATCH”
SCARAFIER/COMB
Moist cure fresh scratch coat to achieve 48 hours of continuous cement hydration
“8.1 Sufficient time between coats shall be allowed to permit each coat to cure or develop enough rigidity to resist cracking or other physical damage when the next coat is applied.” - ASTM C926
PORTLAND CEMENT “BROWN”
PORTLAND CEMENT “BROWN”
Moist cure fresh brown coat to achieve 48 hours of continuous cement hydration …
Allow brown to dry cure for an additional 5 days
Summary, Average basecoat application:Apply scratch day 1Moist cure days 2-3Apply brown day 4Moist cure days 5-6Dry cure days 7-11Total 11 days
FINISH OPTIONS
INTEGRALLY COLORED CEMENT & ACRYLIC– Float Finish– Dash Finish – Troweled Finish
FINISH OPTIONS
COMMERCIAL TEXTURES
RECOMMENDED CHOICES
Fine
Sand
Float
Med.
Sand
Float
Heavy
Sand
Float
Light
Dash
Med.
Dash
Heavy
Dash
Tunnel
Dash
K.D.
Dash
FINISH OPTIONS
COMMERCIAL TEXTURES
ACCENT TEXTURES
MARBLE-
CRETE
COMBED SCRAPED
FINISH OPTIONS
RESIDENTIAL TEXTURES
Light Lace Heavy Lace
SPANISH ARIZONA
ROCK-N-ROLL FRIEZE
FINISH OPTIONS
THEME FINISHES
SIMULATED
TIMBER
SIMULATED
BRICK
SIMULATED
TRAVERTINE
FINISH OPTIONS
COMMERCIAL/RESIDENTIAL TEXTURES
POOR CHOICES
CAT
FACES
CAT FACES IN CRITICAL LIGHT
SANTA BARBARA STD. SMOOTH
HIGHLY LIKELY TO CRACK EXCESSIVELY
100% ACRYLIC FINISH•UNLIMITED COLORS•MAR & WEATHER RESISTANT
ACRYLIC FINISH
DESIGNING W/ FOAM“PLANT-ON” SHAPES
DESIGNING W/ FOAM“PLANT-ON” SHAPES
RECOMMEDED USE OF FOAM …
Off the Ground &Away from “Traffic
…POOR USE OF FOAM
At Ground Level
Refers to deposits of soluble compounds (salts) carried by water onto the surface of porous masonry or hydraulic cementitious materials.
Efflorescence
The process is very similar to your body sweating. During exercise, salts in your body are brought to the surface by the sweat your body produces to cool off. The sweat evaporates taking with it latent heat. The residual material is the white deposit you find on your gym clothes.
Efflorescence
Efflorescence
Efflorescence is not just limited to plaster …
Efflorescence
.. it can appear on any porous, hydraulic, cementitious material …
Plaster is the most difficult surface to remove efflorescence from
Efflorescence
It doesn’t always have to be white; it is often green, brown, or even black
Efflorescence
EFFLORESCENCE
Efflorescence can also flow unto the surface of non porous materials. It is often caused by precast elements with a horizontal top.
Efflorescenceat cracks can give an indication of the amount of water flow reaching the drainage plane
EFFLORESCENCE
Left untreated, it can accumulate into a quite a large amount of material
In nature, where time is measured in millions of years, efflorescence takes on a life form of its own …
Efflorescence
EFFLORESCENCE
Efflorescence
Three (3) Conditions must exist simultaneously for efflorescence to develop:1. Soluble salts must be present2. Water must contact the salts to form a solution3. The salt solution must have a path to migrate to a surface where the water can evaporate (precipitate out).
Efflorescence
The most common type of efflorescence is calcium hydroxide, a soluble component of efflorescence. This is the type of efflorescence we refer to as “new bloom” and usually washes away with rain …
Efflorescence
However, calcium hydroxide efflorescence reacts with air (absorbs carbon dioxide) and becomes calcium carbonate, which is not water soluble and does not was away with the rain.
Efflorescence
HOW DO I GET THIS STUFF CLEANED UP?
Efflorescence
www.tsib.org
Arizona
California
Nevada
Oregon
Washington
Plastering Information BureauSan Francisco –San Mateo
NortherN CaliforNia lath aNd Plaster Bureau
INTRODUCES
The following will change the
way exterior walls are built
Energy Codes
JAN 1, 2010
• ONE YEAR DELAY
•CA ENERGY ONLINE
•ASHRAE 90.1
Thermal Shorts
Correction Factor, Effective RE
ASHRAE Correction Factor 90.1 --- Effective R-value = R-value x Correction FactorThe ASHRAE 90.1 correction factor considers the heat loss through the highly inefficient steel studs and is based on the R-value of the insulation used between the studs only.
California has 16 zones
No relation to ASHRAE Zones
Website in the Brochure
GOAL: Energy efficiency of 30% in the 2010 compared to the 2004 standard.
net-zero energy buildings by 2030.
Rigid Foam - Why?
ASHRAE and the energy
codes called and they
want it back!
REMEMBER THE “R” VALUE LOST DUE TO THERMAL SHORTS?
Cladding Neutral
The OBVIOUS CHOICE IS EIFS•CODE RECOGNIZED
•PROVEN
•READILY AVAILABLE
PROBLEM IS…MANY OWNERS
WONT USE EIFS – WE NEED
CODE COMPLIANT - 3-COAT
CEMENT IN OUR MARKETS
HERE’S WHAT WE HAVE:
PWA 104Cement plaster Over Foam
CODE– ASTM C-926 item 7.1.3
– “Portland Cement Plaster shall be applied on a metal base when the surface of solid backing consists of gypsum board, gypsum plaster, wood or rigid foam board type products”
General Design Recommendations ( All Stucco)
L/360 or stiffer
Vapor Permeable WRB
Plaster Mixes , ASTM C-926
16 inch OC framing - best performance
Mesh & Base “Lamina”
1. No Lamina - likely to crack more
2. Skim Coat only – Cracking similar to conventional
3. Skim and Mesh – highly crack resistant
OPTIONS
PWA 105
This is not EIFS …EIFS is defined as the (Finish cladding “and” the Weather Barrier)
Inexpensive cement basecoat - no control joints required – drift joints will be required
Brown coat need not be hard floated
encapsulate the foam for fire rating
PWA 105
Installs like traditional cement plaster
THE FOAM IN THESE
ASSEMBLIES DOES
NOT CANCEL THE FIRE
RATING - PROVIDED
…
Fire ratings
Flame Spread less than 25 Smoke Develop not more than 450 Thickness, less than 4 inches Thermal barrier 1/2 inch of Gypsum
USING THE
BROCHURE
How Much CI?
Step one: Climate Zone and Building Type – Have a PWA in Mind
*Assume a Commercial Building in Climate zone 8
Step Two Our Target U factor is .062 or less ( assume R-19 Cavity)
Assume using PWA 104- we need R 7.0
assume (XPS) we need - Minimum 1.5 density
@ 1.5”= R 7.5
With cavity Insulation @ R -19
& CI @ R 7.5 We Exceed the
assembly U-Factor .062
Can’t afford a LAMINA ?Another look - Our target is a U factor of .062 or better
Space framing @ 24 oc, add two inches foam (XPS) for a U-Factor of ?
Highly Crack Resistant
24 inch framing – saves money to offset the cost of adding a lamina
A factor of .048 , possible credits elsewhere?
TECHNICAL SERVICES INFORMATION BUREAU
WWW.TSIB.ORG
Updates Details
The use of the systems are recommended to be installed by contractors who have completed the Western Conference of Wall and Ceiling Institutes educational seminar on “ Insulated Cement Plaster Systems”
The WCWCI will hold seminars for Architects, Designers, Inspectors, Building Departments and Contractors
THE END