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PREPARED BYGOPALA KRISHNA PALEPU
ADE/MRT(PROTECTION)
BUSBAR ARRANGEMENTSSINGLE BUSBAR SYSTEM.SINGLE BUS WITH SECTIONALISER SYSTEM.SINGLE BUS & TRANSFER BUS SYSTEM.DOUBLE BUSBAR SYSTEM.DOUBLE BUS WITH SECTIONALISER SYSTEM.DOUBLE BUS & TRANSFER BUS SYSTEM.DOUBLE BUS & TRANSFER BUS WITH SECTIONALISER SYSTEM.ONE & HALF BREAKER SYSTEM1. 3CTs METHOD2. 4CTs METHOD3. 5CTs METHOD4. 6CTs METHODONE & HALF BREAKER WITH SECTIONALISER SYSTEM
SINGLE BUS SYSTEM
FEEDER1
MAIN BUSBAR
FEEDER2
T/F-1 T/F-2
FEEDER3 FEEDER4
BAY1BAY2
BAY3 BAY4
BAY5BAY6
SINGLE BUS SYSTEM
MAIN BUSBAR
3
1-89
1-52 CB
1-CT
1-89 L
LINE-1
3
2-89
2-52 CB
2-CT
2-89 T
T/F-1
3
4-89
4-52 CB
4-CT
4-89 T
T/F-2
3
3-89
3-52 CB
3-CT
3-89 L
LINE-2
SINGLE BUS SYSTEM
1. In case of bus fault or bus bar isolator fault or maintenance Total Substation is out of service.
2. In case of maintenance of transformer circuit breaker the associated transformer has also to be shut-down. Similarly for Line also.
1. Simple in Design2. Easy Maintenance3. Less Expenditure4. Good Appearance
DISADVANTAGESADVANTAGES
SINGLE BUS WITH CB SECTIONALISER SYSTEM
FEEDER1
MAIN BUSBAR
FEEDER2
T/F-1 T/F-2
FEEDER3 FEEDER4
BAY1BAY2
BAY3 BAY4
BAY5BAY6
CB SECTIONALISER
SINGLE BUS WITH CB SECTIONALISER SYSTEM
BUS-1
3
1-89
1-52 CB
1-CT
1-89 L
LINE-1
3
2-89
2-52 CB
2-CT
2-89 T
T/F-1
3
5-89
5-52 CB
5-CT
5-89 T
T/F-2
3
4-89
4-52 CB
4-CT
4-89 L
LINE-2
BUS-2
3 3
3-89 A 3-52 CB
3A-CT
3-89 B
3B-CT
BUS SECTIONALISER
In this, Main Bus is divided into two sections with
a Circuit Breaker and isolators in between the
adjoining sections. One complete section can be
taken out for Maintenance without disturbing the
continuity of other section. Even if a fault occurs
on one section of the Bus, that faulty section
along will be isolated while the other section
continues to be in service.
SINGLE BUS WITH CB SECTIONALISER SYSTEM
SINGLE BUS & TRANSFER BUS SYSTEM
FEEDER1
BUS-1
TRANSFER BUS
FEEDER2
TRA
NSF
ER B
US
CO
UPL
ER
T/F-1 T/F-2
FEEDER3 FEEDER4
BAY1 BAY2 BAY3 BAY4 BAY5 BAY6 BAY7
SINGLE BUS & TRANSFER BUS SYSTEM
1-89A
1-52 CB
1-CT
1-89 L
LINE-1
3 3 3 3
3
1-89 B
2-89A
2-52 CB
2-CT
2-89 T
2-89 B
T/F-1
3-89A
3-52 CB
3-CT
3-89 B
4-89A
4-52 CB
4-CT
4-89 L
4-89 B
LINE-2
5-89A
5-52 CB
5-CT
5-89 T
5-89 B
T/F-2
MAIN BUSBAR
AUX BUS
TR
AN
SFE
R B
US
CO
UPL
ER
SINGLE BUS & TRANSFER BUS SYSTEM
With this arrangement, all the feeders are normally on the Main Bus Bar. If at any time, a Line Circuit Breaker Maintenance is required, that particular feeder, can be transferred on to the Transfer Bus. The feeder protection thus gets transferred to trip Transfer Bus Coupler Breaker. On fault occurrence or maintenance, entire bus becomes de-energised.Salient features:-Only one Circuit at a time can be transferred on the Transfer Bus.For Maintenance or on fault occurrence, total Bus becomes dead.
DOUBLE MAIN BUS SYSTEM
FEEDER1
BUS-2
BUS-1
FEEDER2
T/F-1 T/F-2
BU
S C
OU
PLER
FEEDER3 FEEDER4
BAY1 BAY2 BAY3 BAY4 BAY5 BAY7 BAY8
DOUBLE MAIN BUS SYSTEM
1-89 A
1-89 B
3
1-52 CB
1-CT
1-89 L
LINE-1
2-89 A
2-89 B
3
2-52 CB
2-89 T
T/F-1
3
T/F-2
3
LINE-2
3
32-CT
5-89 A
5-89 B
5-52 CB
5-89 T
5-CT
4-89 A
4-89 B
4-52 CB
4-89 L
4-CT
3-89 A
3-89 B
3A-CT
3B-CT
3-52 CB
BUS -1
BUS -2
BU
S C
OU
PLE
R
DOUBLE BUS SYSTEM
Salient features:-
This has got flexibility of transferring any Circuit to any of the Bus.
For Maintenance or on fault occurrence on one Bus, then only that Bus becomes dead, while the other Bus remains in service.
For Maintenance of a Circuit Breaker, that particular Circuit has to be taken out of service.
To overcome this, an additional bypass isolator is provided as indicated in figure below.
DOUBLE MAIN BUS & CB BYPASS ISO SYSTEM
FEEDER1
BUS-2
BUS-1
T/F-1
BU
S C
OU
PLER
FEEDER2
T/F-2
FEEDER3 FEEDER4
BAY1 BAY2
BAY3
BAY4
BAY5
BAY6 BAY7
WHEN ANY CB PROBLEM OR FOR PREVENTIVE MAINTANENCE THEN ALL OTHER FEEDERS SHIFTED TO ANOTHER BUS OF FAULTED CB BUS AND CLOSE THE BYPASS ISOLATOR, THEN PROTECTION IS SHIFTED TO BUS COUPLER AND OPEN THE FAULTY CB.
DOUBLE MAIN BUS & TRANSFER BUS SYSTEM
FEEDER1
BUS-2
BUS-1
FEEDER2
TRA
NSF
ER B
US
CO
UPL
ER
T/F-1 T/F-2
BU
S C
OU
PLER
TRANSFER BUS
FEEDER3 FEEDER4
BAY1 BAY2BAY3 BAY4 BAY5
BAY6 BAY7 BAY8
DOUBLE MAIN BUS & TRANSFER BUS SYSTEM
1-89 A
1-89 B
1-52 CB
1-CT
1-89 L
LINE-1
5-89 C1-89 C 2-89 C
T/F-1
3
3
3-89 A
3-89 B
3A-CT
3B-CT
3-52 CBBUS -1
BUS -2
BU
S C
OU
PLE
R
3
2-89 A
2-89 B
2-52 CB
2-CT
2-89 T
3
4-89 A
4-89 B
4-52 CB
4-CT
4-89 C
3
5-89 A
5-89 B
5-52 CB
5-CT
5-89 L
LINE-2
3
6-89 A
6-89 B
6-52 CB
1-CT
6-89 T
T/F-2
3
6-89 C
AUX BUS TRANSFERBUS COUPLER
This is combination of Main and Transfer Bus and Double Bus Arrangement.
Salient features:-
This has got flexibility of transferring any Circuit to any of the Main Buses.
For Maintenance or any fault occurrence on a Bus, Particular Bus only becomes dead, while the other Bus continues to be in service.
Any Circuit Breaker can be taken out for Maintenance by transferring that circuit to Transfer Bus, and transferring its Protection to Transfer Bus Coupler Circuit Breaker.
DOUBLE MAIN BUS & TRANSFER BUS SYSTEM
DOUBLE BUS WITH SECTIONALISER SYSTEM
FEEDER1
BUS-2
BUS-1
T/F-1 T/F-2
FEEDER2
BAY1 BAY3 BAY6 BAY8
BU
S C
OU
PLER
BAY2
BU
S C
OU
PLER
BAY7BAY4
BAY5
BUS SECTIONALISER
This is an improvement over the double bus bar arrangement. For maintenance or an occurrence of a fault, only one section of the faulty bus only becomes dead while the rest continues to be in service.
DOUBLE BUS WITH SECTIONALISER SYSTEM
1-89 A
1-89 B
3
1-52 CB
1-CT
1-89 L
LINE-1
3-89 A
3-89 B
3
3-52 CB
3-89 T
T/F-1
2-89 A
2-89 B
2-52 CB
2A-CT 3
32B-CT5-89 A
5-89 B
3
5-52 CB
5-CT
5-89 L
LINE-2
7-89 A
7-89 B
3
7-52 CB
7-89 T
T/F-2
6-89 A
6-89 B
6-52 CB
6A-CT 3
36B-CT
3 3
4-89 B 4B-52 CB
4B-CT
4-89 D
4D-CT
BUS SECTIONALISER
3 3
4-89 A 4A-52 CB
4A-CT
4-89 C
4C-CT
3-CT 7-CT
BUS -1
BUS -2
BUS -3
BUS -4
ONE AND HALF CIRCUIT BREAKER SYSTEM(I-CONFIGUARATION)
FEEDER2 FEEDER4 FEEDER6 FEEDER8 FEEDER10 FEEDER12
FEEDER1 FEEDER3 FEEDER5 FEEDER7 FEEDER9 FEEDER11
BUS-2
BUS-1
BA
Y1B
AY2
BA
Y3
BA
Y4B
AY5
BA
Y6
BA
Y7B
AY8
BA
Y9
BA
Y10
BA
Y11
BA
Y12
BA
Y13
BA
Y14
BA
Y15
BA
Y16
BA
Y17
BA
Y18
DIA1 DIA2 DIA3 DIA4 DIA5 DIA6
BUS-2
BUS-1
FEEDER3 FEEDER4 FEEDER7 FEEDER8 FEEDER11 FEEDER12
FEEDER1 FEEDER2 FEEDER5 FEEDER6 FEEDER9 FEEDER10
BA
Y1
BAY2
BA
Y3
BA
Y4
BAY5
BA
Y6
BA
Y7
BAY8
BA
Y9
BA
Y10
BAY11B
AY1
2
BA
Y13
BAY14
BA
Y15
BA
Y16
BAY17
BA
Y18
DIA1
DIA2
DIA3
DIA4
DIA5
DIA6
ONE AND HALF CIRCUIT BREAKER SYSTEM (D-CONFIGUARATION)
DIFFERENT CT METHODS OF ONE & HALF BREAKER SYSTEM
3 CTs METHOD
4 CTs METHOD
6 CTs METHOD
6 CTs METHOD
LINE
LINE
LINE
LINE
CB CB CB
CB CB CB
CB CB CB
CB CB CB
AT/F
AT/F
AT/F
AT/F
5 CTs METHODLINE
CB CB CB
AT/F
6 CTs METHOD
LINECB CB CB
AT/F
Salient features:-• It has 3 Circuit Breakers for Two Circuits.( One is
Line another is Transformer or Bus Reactor or both are Lines)
• No changeover of Line from one Bus to the other is required.
• For Circuit Breaker Maintenance of any Line, the load gets transferred Automatically to the other bus.
• For Maintenance or an occurrence of a Bus fault, all the interconnections will be on healthy bus and no disturbance to the Circuits.
• Even if both Buses become dead, Circuits can still be in service through the Tie Circuit Breaker.
• This has got many such advantages to maintain the system stability.
ONE AND HALF CIRCUIT BREAKER SYSTEM
DOUBLE BUS & DOUBLE BREAKER SYSTEM
FEEDER1
BA
Y1
BA
Y2
BA
Y3
BA
Y4FEEDER2
FEEDER3
BA
Y5
BA
Y6
BA
Y7
BA
Y8
FEEDER4
FEEDER1
BUS-2
BUS-1
BA
Y1B
AY2
BUS-2BUS-1
FEEDER2
BA
Y3B
AY4
FEEDER3
BA
Y5B
AY6
BA
Y7B
AY8
FEEDER4
FOR ECONOMICAL& RELIABULITY PURPOSE THIS SYSTEM ADOPTED IN 800KV SYSTEM
MESH / RINGLAYOUT
FEEDER 1 FEEDER 2
FEEDER 3
FEEDER 4FEEDER 5FEEDER 6
FEEDER 7
FEEDER 8
1-52 CB 2-52 CB
3-52 CB
4-52 CB
5-52 CB6-52 CB
8-52 CB
7-52 CB
BUSBAR SYSTEMS ADOPTED IN APTRANSCO
400KV BUS1. 400KV KALAPAKADOUBLE BUS WITH AUX BUS & SECTIONALISER
400KV BUS (4 CTs)400KV BUS (5 CTs)
1. 400KV MAMIDIPALLY & VEMAGIRI2. 400KV KHAMMAM & NUNNA
(APTRANSCO BAYS IN PGCIL)
ONE & HALF BREAKER SYSTEM
400KV BUS1. 400KV NELLOREONE & HALF BREAKER SYSTEM WITH SECTIONALISER
220KV BUS220KV BUS
1. 400KV MAMIDIPALLY2. 400KV KALAPAKA
DOUBLE BUS & AUX BUS SYTEM
220KV BUS220KV BUS
1. 220KV MALKARAM2. 220KV TALLAPALLY
DOUBLE BUS WITH SECTIONALISER
220KV BUS220KV BUS
1. 220KV GACHIBOWLI2. 220KV GHANAPUR
DOUBLE BUS SYTEM
132 KV BUS132 KV BUS
1. 220KV YEDDUMAILARAM2. 220KV GHANAPUR
SINGLE BUS & AUX BUS SYSTEM
220KV BUS220KV BUS
1. 220KV SHAPURNAGAR2. 220KV CHANDRAYANA GUTTA
SINGLE BUS WITH SECTIONALISER
220KV BUS220KV BUS
1. 220KV SIVARAMPALLY2. 220KV NARKETPALLY
SINGLE BUS SYSTEMBAY VOLTAGE LEVELNAME OF THE SUBSTATIONBUSBAR CONFIGUARATION
What does a substation contains..
Substation
Main Equipment
Engineered items
Auxiliary Equipment
Civil
Auxiliary System
Structure
Main Equipment
TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION SUBSTATIONS
TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION SUBSTATIONS
Main EquipmentCircuit Breaker (CB)Instrument Transformer (CT/CVT/EMVT/PT)Surge Arrester (LA)Isolator (ISO)Transformer & ReactorBus Support Insulator (BPI)Line Traps (WT/LT)Control & Protection system (C&R)Power Line Carrier Communication system (PLCC)
BUS
BU
S IS
OL
AT
OR
CIR
CU
IT B
RE
AK
ER
3C
UR
RE
NT
TR
AN
SFO
RM
ER
89 52 CT 89
LIN
E IS
OL
AT
ORUUU
WA
VE
/ LIN
E T
RA
P
WT
U UU
3
CA
PAC
ITO
R V
OL
TA
GE
TR
AN
SFO
RM
ER
LIG
HT
EN
ING
/SU
RG
E A
RR
EST
OR
CVT LA
TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION SUBSTATIONS
Main Equipment
What does a substation contains..
TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION SUBSTATIONS
Substation
Main Equipment
Engineered items
Auxiliary Equipment
Civil
Auxiliary System
Structure
TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION SUBSTATIONS
Engineered items1. Busbar Materials
A. Strung Bus Conductor (ACSR).B. Rigid Bus Conductor (AL Tube).C. Clamps & Connectors.D. String Insulator & Hardware.
2. Earthing MaterialsA. Main Earthing Materials (Rod or Flat).B. Earth Pits.
3. Cables & accessoriesA. LT Power & Control CableB. HT Power CableC. Cable terminations, gland, lugs, ties, marker etc.D. Cable Supporting Materials.
What does a substation contains..
TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION SUBSTATIONS
Substation
Main Equipment
Engineered items
Auxiliary Equipment
Civil
Auxiliary System
Structure
TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION SUBSTATIONS
Auxiliary EquipmentLTAC Switchgear PanelAC Distribution BoardBattery & Battery ChargerDC Distribution BoardAuxiliary LT TransformerLighting TransformerMain Lighting Distribution BoardEmergency Lighting Distribution BoardDiesel GeneratorUPS
What does a substation contains..
TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION SUBSTATIONS
Substation
Main Equipment
Engineered items
Auxiliary Equipment
Civil
Auxiliary System
Structure
TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION SUBSTATIONS
Auxiliary System1. Illumination system
A. IndoorI. Control Room BuildingII. Diesel Generator BuildingIII.Fire Fighting Pump House Building.IV.Store Room BuildingV. Repair Bay
B. Outdoor Switchyard2. Fire Fighting and Fire Detection System3. Air Conditioning and Ventilation System
What does a substation contains..
TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION SUBSTATIONS
Substation
Main Equipment
Engineered items
Auxiliary Equipment
Civil
Auxiliary System
Structure
TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION SUBSTATIONS
Substation StructuresMain Column and Beam structuresEquipment supporting structures
Substation CivilFoundation for gantry column & EquipmentFoundation for Transformer / ReactorControl Room Building / DG, FFPH BuildingOutdoor Switchyard Cable TrenchSurface DrainageRoadsFencing and Gate
TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION SUBSTATIONS
A Typical Sub-Station content wise cost structure.
A > Transformer / Reactor----------------------------------------- 27%B > EHV Circuit Breaker, CT, CVT, LA, Isolator, BPI------- 22%C > Control, Protection & PLCC----------------------------------- 7%D > Medium Voltage Switchgear---------------------------------- 5%E > Cables, AC/DC Aux., Lighting, Busbar etc.--------------- 16%F > Structures---------------------------------------------------------- 6%G > Civil------------------------------------------------------------------ 13%H > Erection------------------------------------------------------------- 4%
27
22%7%
5%
16%
6% 13% 4%
A B C D E F G HA B C D E F G H
27%
22%7%
5%
16%6% 13% 4%
NORMS OF PROTECTION FOLLOWED BY UTILITIES FOR TRANSMISIION LINES & DISTRIBUTION LINES ( FEEDER / LINE PROTECTION )
NUMERICAL DISTANCE SCHEME (21) OR LINE DIFFERENTIAL SCHEME (87L) WITH 67N
NUMERICAL DISTANCE SCHEME (21P + 21N) + in BUILT DEF RELAY(67N)765 KV LINES7.
NUMERICAL DISTANCE SCHEME (21) OR LINE DIFFERENTIAL SCHEME (87L) WITH 67N
NUMERICAL DISTANCE SCHEME (21P + 21N) + in BUILT DEF RELAY(67N)400 KV LINES6.
SWITCHED DISTANCE SCHEME ORNUMERICAL DISTANCE SCHEME (21P+ 21N)
NON SWITCHED DISTANCE SCHEME ORNUMERICAL DISTANCE SCHEME (21P + 21N)220 KV LINES5.
IF MAIN-1 & MAIN-2 ARE NUMERICAL RELAYS, BOTH SHOULD BE SEPARATE MEASURING PRINCIPLES (CHARECTERESTICS), MODELS AND ALGORITHAMS (SHOULD NOT BE DUPLICATED) AND ALL FEATURES SHOULD BE AVAILABLE IN BOTH SCHEMES AND BOTH RELAYS SHOULD BE 100% REDENDENCY IN ALL ASPECTS ( COMPLEMENTARY TO EACH OTHER ) . DISSIMILAR CARRIER SCHEMES ARE TO BE SELECTED ( POTT & PUTT or BLOCK & UNBLOCK). OTHER WISE MAIN-2 MAY BE DIFFERENT MAKE OR PHASE COMPARISION PROTECTION/LINE DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION WITH BACKUP DISTANCE PROTECTION IS TO BE ADOPTED. BOTH M1 & M2 SHOULD CONTAIN DIRECTIONAL EARTH FAULT PROTECTION (67N) WITH DIRECTIONAL COMPARISION PICKUP SCHEME AS INBUILT FUNCTION.ZONE-1: 80% OF MAIN LINEZONE-2: 100% OF MAIN LINE + 50% OF SHORTEST LINE AT OTHER ENDZONE-3: 100% OF MAIN LINE + 100% OF SHORTEST LINE AT OTHER ENDZONE-4: 100% OF MAIN LINE + (100% OF SHORTEST LINE + 20% OF LONGEST LINE) AT OTHER END.
DIRECTIONAL O/L & E/F RELAYS WITH HIGH SET ( 67 + 67N )
SWITCHED DISTANCE SCHEME ORNUMERICAL DISTANCE SCHEME (21P+ 21N)132 KV LINES4.
66 KV LINES3.-3 O/L + E/F ( 51 + 51N )33 KV LINES2.-2 O/L + E/F ( 51 + 51N )11 KV LINES1.
MAIN-2 PROTECTION/ BACKUP PROTECTIONMAIN- 1 PROTECTIONVOLTAGE Sr.No
NORMS OF PROTECTION FOLLOWED BY UTILITIES FOR POWER TRANSFORMERS & AUTO TRANSFORMERS
3 OL + 1 DIR EL
(51P + 67N)
400 / 132100, 200 & 2507
HV & LV REF 64
220 / 6631.5, 50 & 1006
66 / 337.5 , 16 & 252
BUCHHOLZOVER FLUX OLTC OSRPRV/PRDOIL TEMP
WDNG TEMP
132 / 33 16 , 31.5 50 & 804
765 / 400630, 750, 1000 & 150010
3 DIR OL (HIGHSET)
+ 1 DIR EL
(HIGHSET)
3 DIR OL (HIGHSET)
+1 DIR EL
(HIGHSET)
400 / 220315, 500 & 630 9
OVER LOAD ALARM RELAY
+NEUTRAL
CURRENT E/F RELAY
87 TH / 64 REF
ICT / AUTO TFR
220 / 132100 & 1608
2 WINDING TRANSFORMER (STAR/STAR)
TYPE
220 / 3331.5, 5053 OVER LOAD + 1 DIRECTIONAL
EARTH FAULT RELAY ( 51P + 67N)
HV REF (64)
132 / 117.5 , 16 ,25 & 31.53
64REF IS 1-PH
HIG
H IM
PEDA
NC
E D
IFFEREN
TIAL R
ELAY
87TH IS 3-PH
HIG
H IM
PEDA
NC
E D
IFFEREN
TIAL R
ELAY
(PRIN
CPLE : C
IRC
ULA
TING
CU
RR
ENT)
BUCHHOLZ, OLTC OSROIL TEMP
WDNG TEMP3 OVER LOAD + 1 EARTH FAULT
RELAY ( 51 )
3OL+1 EL (51)
NIL
87 TL DIFFER
ENTIA
L RELA
Y ( LO
W IM
PEDA
NC
E PERC
ENTA
GE B
IASED
PHA
SE SEGR
EGA
TED
DIFFER
ENTIA
L RELA
Y PRIN
CIPLE: M
ERZ PR
ICE)
66 / 117.5 & 161
LVHVPROTECTION
SPECIALPROTECTION
ADDITIONAL PROTECTION
BACK UPPROTECTIONMAIN-2MAIN-1VOLTAGE
RATIO IN KV
CAPACITYIN
MVAS.No