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INNOVATION AND PUBLIC UNDERSTANDING OF SCIENCE:Possibility of new indicators for the analysis of publicattitudes to science, technology and innovationIvn G. Peyr TartarugaFundao de Economia e Estatstica (FEE)Rosmari T. CazarottoCentro Universitario UNIVATESClitia H. Backx MartinsFundao de Economia e Estatstica (FEE)Ana FukuiUniversidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos (UNISINOS)State of Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil) Corresponding author: Ivn G. Peyr Tartaruga. E-mail adress ivan@fee.tche.br

III OECD Blue Sky Forum on Science and Innovation IndicatorsGhent (Belgium), 19-21 September 2016

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PRESENTATIONNew indicators for the analysis of public attitudes to science, technology and innovation

1 Importance of science for the innovation process2 New challenges for understanding the innovation processes3 Public understanding of science: possibilities to study innovation4 A proposal of new science and innovation indicators: public attitudes to innovate5 Conclusion

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Problem:

Methodological manuals to qualify and standardize research and innovation data, almost exclusively, have focused on the supply side of invention and innovation, in which attention is given to organizations practicing research and development (R&D) and innovative companies and virtually none to the end users, like consumers, organizations not connected to R&D or innovation, or countries (GODIN, 2011, 2012).

1. Introduction

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Figure 1 Quadrant model of scientific research(STOKES, 2005, p. 118).

2. Importance of science for the innovation process

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Figure 2 Revised dynamic model (STOKES, 2005, p. 138).

2. Importance of science for the innovation process (cont.)

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3. New challenges for understanding the innovation processesInnovation as a collective process and, therefore, dependent on its social and spatial contexts

Some approaches to innovation studies: User-side view of innovationusers as adopters of new products or servicesalso as active playeres in the creation of innovations

Open innovationattention in the academic and corporate environments in many countries many sources of knowledge in and outside the company

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3. New challenges for understanding the innovation processesSome approaches to innovation studies: (cont.) Triple helixinteraction between university, companies and governmentrelated to civil society (fourth helix)

Innovation and territoryinnovation is a cumulative and cooperative activitydependent on historical trajectories (path dependence) and social and territorial contexts

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3. New challenges for understanding the innovation processes (cont.)An essential element linked to innovations is their acceptance or practical receptivity by societyvalues, preferences, creeds, rules and conventions

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4. Public understanding of science (PUS): possibilities to study innovationTo get data to support the development of ways to understand connections between science and societyTo know publics:Science literacyInterestAttitudesEngagement with science

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4. Public understanding of science (PUS): possibilities to study innovation (cont.)National and regional representative surveys of PUSSeveral science indicator surveys worldwideSince 1950sUSA, UK, France, EU,Latin America and BrazilMinistry of Science and Technology (Brazil)1987, 2006, 2010 and 2015So Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP)2001, 2003 and 2007Minas Gerais Research Foundation (FAPEMIG)2014

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5. A proposal of new science and innovation indicators: public attitudes to innovateIntuitive approach the propensity to innovate of an individual or social group, which, in its turn, depends on attitudes, representations and shared values (technical and/or technological culture).The basic and fundamental propensities of an ordinary person having the interest, direct and indirect, and the ability to generate innovations, both technological and non-technological (organizational, social, etc.).

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Figure 3 Propensity to innovate and its environment.5. A proposal of new science and innovation indicators: public attitudes to innovate (cont.)

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5. A proposal of new science and innovation indicators: public attitudes to innovate (cont.)Five indicators or dimensions of the propensity to innovate: EfficiencyDoing a job wellEfficient action

CreativityStrong relationship with the innovation processNew and traditional

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5. A proposal of new science and innovation indicators: public attitudes to innovate (cont.)Five indicators or dimensions of the propensity to innovate (cont.): Trust in science and technologyScientific knowledge and innovation process

Uncertainty tolerance (acceptance of risks)Entrepreneurial attitudeAmbiguous feelings: risk aversion and risk seeking

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5. A proposal of new science and innovation indicators: public attitudes to innovate (cont.)Five indicators or dimensions of the propensity to innovate (cont.): CooperationInteraction dynamics (networks)Types of proximity:cognitiveorganizationalsocialinstitutionalgeographic

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6. ConclusionConvergence betweenInnovation Studies approachesand the ones of the Public Understanding of Scienceinterview protocols at regional and national scales

Reinforcing a true interrelation between basic and applied research

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6. Conclusion (cont.)The set of propensities to innovate of the society (efficiency, creativity, trust in S&T, uncertainty tolerance and cooperation) an important factor to stimulate innovation processes in the realm ofthe economics of companies (market perspective)the basic and applied science (academic perspective)

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INNOVATION AND PUBLIC UNDERSTANDING OF SCIENCE:Possibility of new indicators for the analysis of publicattitudes to science, technology and innovationIvn G. Peyr TartarugaFundao de Economia e Estatstica (FEE)Rosmari T. CazarottoCentro Universitario UNIVATESClitia H. Backx MartinsFundao de Economia e Estatstica (FEE)Ana FukuiUniversidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos (UNISINOS)State of Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil) Corresponding author: Ivn G. Peyr Tartaruga. E-mail adress ivan@fee.tche.br

III OECD Blue Sky Forum on Science and Innovation IndicatorsGhent (Belgium), 19-21 September 2016

18