WOMAN AS ROLE MODEL IN COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM

WOMAN AS ROLE MODEL IN

COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM

IICIES – 26 June 2012 – Ciputra, Surabaya

Lenny Martini, Surna Tjahja Djajadiningrat, Anggara Wisesa

School of Business and Management-ITB

Abstract

Three essential concepts in community development process are changing process, resource utilization and community capacity development (Soetomo, 2006). To fulfill these basic elements, Wisesa (2010) proposed to apply the role model method. Based on the case study of Social Enterprise for Economic Development (SEED) in Cisondari, West Java, Indonesia, woman was the ideal figure to be the role model in the community development. This paper purposes to elaborate more on woman characteristics that fits the requirement for the ideal role model in community development, answering the three basic elements in community development program (change process, resource utilization and community capacity development).

Key words: Woman, Role Model, Community Development

Introduction

Adaptation ability of human, as individual and community

Community development as form of change

External support can help community’s problem with limited

access

Measurement of successful community development

program: sustainability & continuity of the changes

Constraint from knowledge sharing process from external to

community as the implementer

Solved by looking for right role model, function as connector

Evalution of SEED 2010 in Cisondary –West Java

Literature Review (1)

Community Development Programprocess in which community in a specific location for social action, build initiatives - either with or without intervention - to change their economic, social, and cultural, and or environment situation (Christenson, Fendley, and Robinson ,1989)

Systematic, planned, and directed activity which is intended to expand public access to achieve a better quality of life (Budimanta, 2002) 3 Fundamental Elements

change process, resource utilizationcommunity capacity

building(Soetomo, 2006)

Self Help ApproachCommunity as main actor

Controller of change processBasically, every community has ability and potential to

grow on its own strength

(Soetomo, 2006; Green & Haines, 2008; Green, 2008)

External party involvement is required only as far as the catalyst for the change

process (Combs & Ahmed, 1980)


Challenge in Community Development Program To find what is really needed and not what is merely desirable

(Gilbert & Specht, 1977) Resistance, greater when change comes from outside and

seems forced Time factor : influence researcher’s intensity of interaction

with the community, determines how external intervention affects the goal in implementation

Role Model Acts as an example in performing a specific behavior so the others can copy

the behavior. In performing a role, a model should be able to inform, motivate, and

encourage others to follow what he does This role model encouragers others to adopt new practice by illustrating the

benefits of the new method, thus accelerating the rate of acceptance (Brown & White, 2009).

Pilot project by right role model


Criteria for Role Model (Wisesa, 2010)1. A model should be well known person is by others in the

community as someone who has innovation particularly in order to improve people's lives

2. The person should be friendly, sociable, has good relationships with others, and can influence - in terms of motivating – others

3. The model is person who is persistent and works hard in trying new things

4. The person has commitment to implement the program, teaches others, and motivates others to apply the knowledge they acquireBenefits of Applying the role-model method in self-help

approach 1. The method does not require continuous external

intervention2. Takes a relatively short period of time of external

intervention, especially in the implementation phase3. Role method models serve as bridge in the knowledge

transfer inside the community

SEED

Cross-cultural learning program conducted jointly by SBM-ITB Indonesia and University of St.Gallen, Switzerland, Chair for International Management (South East Asia) Asia Learning Network, 2 week, students participants

Objectives:1. to promote economic development in a target village2. cross cultural learning in real life of Asian context

Human Resources

Social Capital

Natural

Resources

Implementable Business Plan to

Enhance People’s Capability

Sustainable Development

Autonomous Community

The Case Study – SEED 2010

Day- ActivitiesDay 1 Program Opening

Short lecture and briefing about the program, Team grouping

Day 2 Audience Session with the Chief of the Village

Day 3-7 Village Familiarization

Day 8 Focus Group Discussion with villagers

Day 9 Idea Presentation PreparationDay 10 Idea Presentation

Day 11-12

Final presentation Preparation

Day 13 Final presentation

Day 14 Program Closing:

31 October 2010 – 12 November 2010, Cisondari Village, West Java, Indonesia

20 participant from St. Gallen, 5 participant from SBM-ITB = 5 groups


Group Location Business Plan Status1 Kampong Ciaul,

RW 14Pasteurized milk and yoghurt

Unimplemented

2 Kampong Ciaul, RW 13

Mawar cookies and ranginang

Unimplemented

3 Kampong Pasir Awi, RW 08

Mushroom plantation Unimplemented

4 Kampong Pasir Awi, RW 09

Customized Sandal Unimplemented

5 Kampong Pangkalan, RW 17

Caramel candy cutting tool

Implemented


Kampung Gambung Pangkalan: 120 familes, more than 300 residents, 35% high school graduates, 65% junior high school graduates, main occupations are farmer and stock breeder, additional incomes from caramel candies and milk cracker production.

Ideas:1. Organic Food (high price, high

demand vs conflictive views on farming and absence of responsible person in the organic plantation)

2. Natural Fertilizer (high investment)

3. Caramel Candy

The team developed new cutting tools for caramel candy production that can saves 2 hours of processing time and increase production from 400 to 800 piece a day


After Action Review observations and interviews with local community, most of

them were the same people that had worked with the participants two years ago

Findings: the caramel candy business was the only business that conducted by woman among other business plans

Hypothesized that gender might be the key success factor in this kind of social development

Group discussion with the former participants from SEED 2010 from both countries

The gender factor really determine the success of the business plan. From the very first day of the activities in the SEED Program, this group of woman seen more open with the new information and knowledge that was shared by the participants. Also in the process of business plan development, they were more actively involved with the participant and had higher willingness to really implement the business plan

Woman as Role Model

Women are successfully being the role model for their community development because they can fulfill all the criteria to be an ideal role mode

Criteria Explanation

A model should be well known person is by others in the community as someone who has innovation particularly in order to improve people's lives

The chief of the caramel candy business is the wife of the Rukun Tetangga, chief of the neighborhood. She is the one who always think about her neighborhood and how to improve their life.

The person should be friendly, sociable, has good relationships with others, and can influence - in terms of motivating – others

Seen from the nature of organic community of the rural areas that they have very close relationship with one another, these woman also able to influence their neighborhood easily

The model is person who is persistent and works hard in trying new things

They were very open to the new method and actively participate in the development of business plan report by the participants

The person has commitment to implement the program, teaches others, and motivates others to apply the knowledge they acquire

women who are running this caramel candy business have real commitment to implement the program. They also teach others and motivate others to apply the knowledge they acquire from the SEED participants

Conclusion

Women are successfully being the role model for their community development because they can fulfill all the criteria to be an ideal role mode

The result of this research can be an important consideration in implementing community development programs which is in the same context with this research.Also this research contributes to future research development in other community development topics.

AcknowledgementThe authors would like to give high appreciation for all the SEED Participants 2010 who had been involved in the after action review process and to all the local community in the Cisondari Village, West Java, Indonesia

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