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What is Open Access? rationale, working methods and
considerations for industry
5/6/2010
Caroline Sutton, Publisher
Co-Action Publishing
Vad innebär Open Access for företagen? 16. april 2010,
Stockholm
Portfolio
2008
Ethics & Global Politics
Food & Nutrition Research
Global Health Action
2009
Journal of Oral Microbiology
Diabetic Foot & Ankle
Mechanical Circulatory
Support
Annals of Innovation &
Entrepreneurship
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Journal of Oral Microbiology
Journal of Aesthetics & Culture
2010
Journal of Organic Agriculture
Libyan Journal of Medicine
Medical Education Online
Nano Reviews
Vulnerable Groups & Inclusion
Books
Drug Acceptor Interactions
From Seascapes of
Extinction to Seascapes of
Confidence
...and possibly a few others
www.oaspa.org5/6/2010
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WHAT IS OPEN ACCESS?
OPEN ACCESS = Free Access + Re-use
Libre Open Access
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Libre Open Access
Two forms of Open Access
Open Access Publishing = the ”GOLD” road
• Researchers publish their work OPEN ACCESS in a journal
• Under a Creative Commons License (or similar), final version can
also be posted in an institutional repository
• Open Access journals and subscription journals that offer an OA
option
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option
Open Access Archiving = the ”GREEN” road
• Researchers (sometimes publishers on behalf of researchers)
deposit a copy of their work in an institutional or other archive
•Policies among subscriptions publishers vary with regard to what
version of a manuscript can be posted and at what point after
publication a copy can be posted.
•Sherpa/Romeo lists publisher policies
http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo/
Open Access to ORIGINAL research
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Some statistics
• Today there are nearly 4900 journals listed in the
Directory of Open Access Journals. (www.doaj.org)
• A recent study conducted by Public Knowledge Project
found that a majority of the 1000 journals who replied
to a survey (out of 4000) were not in the DOAJ.
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to a survey (out of 4000) were not in the DOAJ.
• In 2008 Scopus listed over 90 000 OA articles,
amounting to 6% of the Scopus content.
• Much of the new (title) growth within the publishing
industry is taking place within Open Access journals.
Open Access Publishers
Open Access Publishing Houses
Mixed model publishers
University PressesUniversity Presses
Scholar Publishers
Societies
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Uneven distribution across
subjects
Biomedical
Social Sociences
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Engineering
Business & Economics
Humanities
THE RATIONALE:
WHY OPEN ACCESS?
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Suggested benefits
Visibility
High Impact
Easy Archiving
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Easy Archiving
Democracy/Reduce the digital divide
Re-use of one’s work
”serials crisis”
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Reproduced under CC Attribution Share
Alike 2.5 license; Image by Nino Barbieri,
Jan 2004, Wikimedia Commons
0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1
1,2
1,4
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Av
g p
ric
e/p
ag
e
T&F
Blackwell
Springer
Elsevier
Wiley
Price per Page Increases over
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YearPrice per Page Increases over
7 year period:
T&F 75,0 %
Blackwell 36,3 %
Springer 26,5 %
Elsevier 16,5 %
Wiley 8,4 %
Sage 104,4 %*
Average price per page for medicine in GBP
Ref: ”Trends in Scholarly Journal Pricing 2000-2006” Sonya White and
Claire Creaser, March 2007. Commissioned by Oxford University
Press
* On SSH, medical publishing from 2007
Reports
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*Reproduced from Wikemedia under the
conditions of the GNU General Public
License Exquisite-network.png
Web.2
WIKIWORLD
Google Planet
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”There is a need to change the metaphor behind our
understanding of what knowledge is.”
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understanding of what knowledge is.”
.....John Wilbanks, Director Science Commons
Knowledge as ”paper”
Knowledge as ”product” and ”property”
Created by scientistsCreated by scientists
Owned by publishers
Archived by libraries
-- John Wilbanks, Science Commons, presentation at IATUL, June 2007
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Subscriptions
Licensing fees
Permission
for re-use
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Copyright (does not allow the re-use of text freely)
Knowledge = NETWORK
Knowledge = infrastructureKnowledge = infrastructure
”A better reflection of the reality of knowledge”
-- John Wilbanks, Science Commons, presentation at IATUL, June 2007
5/6/2010
”A social network
diagram”, Screenshot
taken by Darwin
Peacock, accessed
through Wikimedia;
distributed under a CCL
3.0.
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”Your OA publisher helps you connect
and share with the researchers in your
life.” And the ones you don’t even know
about!
www.ihop-net.org
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www.wikiprofessional.org
Also see video at: www.river-valley.tv/tag/jan-velterop
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www.biomedexperts.com
WORKING METHODS:
OPEN ACCESS IN PRACTICE5/6/2010
Creative Commons
Licenses
Most common:
• Attribution 3.0
• (CCBY or CCAL)
• Attribution-• Attribution-
Noncommercial
3.0
• (CCBY-NC)
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Copyright Notice
Authors contributing to Global Health Action agree to
publish their articles under the Creative Commons
Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported
license, allowing third parties to share their work (copy,
distribute, transmit) and to adapt it, under the condition
that the authors are given credit, that the work is not used
for commercial purposes, and that in the event of reuse or
distribution, the terms of this license are made clear.
Authors retain copyright of their work, with first
publication rights granted to Co-Action Publishing.
However, authors are required to transfer copyrights
associated with commercial use to the Publisher. Revenues
from commercial sales are used to keep down the
publication fees. Moreover, a major portion of the profits
generated from commercial sales is placed in a fund to
cover publication fees for researchers from developing
nations and, in some cases, for young researchers.
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Paying for Open Access
• Article Processing Charge/Publication Fee
• Submission fees
• Grants
• In-kind support
• Patronage
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• Patronage
• Advertising revenue
• Membership dues
• Secondary publications
• Future consortia deals?
No one model at present
The concept of impact is shifting
• Citations
• Web usage
• Expert rating
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• Community rating
• Media/blog coverage
• Policy development
• Commenting activity
• And more...
Example
Food & Nutrition Research
OA from Jan 2008OA from Jan 2008
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Case – Swedish Nutrition Foundation
� Swedish Nutrition Foundation (SNF) owned Swedish Journal of Food &
Nutrition, which was published in partnership with one of the large
traditional publishing houses.
� Manuscripts submissions were modest.
� Few subscriptions outside the society subscriptions.
� Journal was regarded as a member benefit.
� The society felt that it was time to either try something radical or drop
the journal altogether.
� They chose to drop the journal as it was and re-launch a new OA journal
with a new and more international title.
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Researchers
Universe of a Subscription Journal
Access only for those
who have a
subscription – for
Food & Nutrition
Research, approx.
700-800
Food Producers
(Nestlé, Unilever, Kraft)
Corporate Biotech
Nutraceuticals, Gene mod techniques,
Additives
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Universe of the OA Journal
ResearchersHealthcare Workers –
esp Physicians &
NutritionistsNutrition
advocates
General citizens
Researchers from
related fields
Related
professions
Food Producers
(Nestlé, Unilever, Kraft)
Corporate Biotech
Nutraceuticals, Gene mod techniques,
Additives
General citizens
interested in their own
nutrition
Gov’t agencies &
policy-makers
Industries with
links
Pharmaceutical Co
(e.g. Novartis Medical Nutrition)
Print and online
magazines
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Usage Increased
During first six months:
� Over 42 000 full text article requests
� Over 32 000 full pages viewed by over 6 000 different visitors to the
website
Visitors were from 120 different countries while subscriptions had been
from 14 countries
2009:
� 47 330 unique visitors
� Over 500 000 downloaded articles
Visitors were from 182 countries, with the US accounting for 20% of traffic.
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OPEN ACCESS AND INDUSTRY:
OPPORTUNITIES & CHALLENGES
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The European Research Area long-term vision based on the broad Lisbon
goals promotes ”sharing and using knowledge across sectors and boarders”.
Research collaboration and knowledge transfer between public research
Knowledge sharing
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Research collaboration and knowledge transfer between public research
organisations, particularly universities and industry, can be improved.
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Examples of relationships to
industry
Research staff publish in OA journals
Sponsorship of journal in key field
Sponsorship of publication fees
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Sponsorship of publication fees
Sponsorship of a special publication (supplement)
Launch a journal
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Final thoughts on OA and industryPublishing R&D results OA gives wider visibility, among a greater number of
target groups
Open Access to scholarly literature combined with new tools and services
that leverage open access content, will accelerate the pace of discovery
� Take advantage of emerging search tools
� Stay abreast of developments in emerging search tools
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Open Access can potentially create easier access to the research being
carried out within the public sector, leading to greater cooperation
Networking, OA publishing and products leveraging OA content, might
require industry to adopt policies for staff engagement with these
� Can the author retain copyright? Should the company retain
copyright?
� Which networking sites are approved?
� What materials can be placed on these sites and shared?
