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LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE
WEEK 8 AED1313 INTRODUCTION TO BUILT ENVIRONMENT
Compiled byDepartment of Architecture and Environmental Design
Centre for Foundation StudiesInternational Islamic University Malaysia
ContentsContentsIntroduction
Definitions Landscape Landscape Design Profession
Hard and Soft LandscapeA. Hard LandscapeB. Soft Landscape
Sustainable Landscape Sustainable Landscape
IntroductionIntroduction Landscape architects have become increasingly important as
people desire their living and work spaces to be not only functional, but also beautiful and environmentally sound.
Landscape architects use equal parts of design, mathematics, horticulture, and environmental studies to plan parks, golf courses, and the outdoor areas of building complexes.
Landscape architects may also work to reclaim land, such as at former landfills and strip-mines, and at sites of historical restoration.
Video 1 Video 2
DefinitionDefinition Landscape Exterior spaces and /or settings for
planned groupings of structures and spaces (courtyards, malls, parks; sites for homes or other structures; farms, countryside, national forests, etc)
Is combination of both natural and built environment
Landscape Design The art of changing the natural feature
of the outdoor with the intention of making the environment more attractive and functional.
It is meant for human physical needs, mental health and divine comfort.
A farm
Sutera Harbour Resort, Kota Kinabalu
Profession
A landscape architect is a person involved in the planning, design and sometimes oversight of an exterior landscape or space. Their professional practice is known as landscape architecture.
The Australian Institute of Landscape Architects states that "Landscape Architects research, plan, design and advise on the stewardship, conservation and sustainability of development of the environment and spaces, both within and beyond the built environment".
Chinese landscape English landscapeIslamic landscape
Landscape ArchitectLandscape Architect
Being A Landscape ArchitectBeing A Landscape Architect Landscape architects create places for people to live, work and
play and places for plants and animals to thrive. Landscape architects also speak up for and care for our landscapes.
Landscape architects study, plan, design and manage spaces which are both sustainable and aesthetically pleasing.
Landscape architects design landscape areas so that they are not only functional but also beautiful and harmonious with the natural environment.
Increasingly, landscape architects are working in environmental remediation, such as preserving and restoring wetlands or managing storm-water runoff in new developments.
They are also increasingly playing a role in preserving and restoring historic landscapes.
Being A Landscape ArchitectBeing A Landscape Architect
Landscape architects plan the locations of buildings, roads, and walkways. They also plan where to plant flowers, shrubs, and trees.
Many landscape architects specialize in a particular area, such as beautifying or otherwise improving streets and highways, waterfronts, parks and playgrounds, or shopping centers.
Landscape architects work with architects, town planners, civil engineers and a host of other professionals. They are leading the way in tackling climate change and also helping to regenerate towns and cities across the world.
Being A Landscape ArchitectBeing A Landscape Architect
Being A Landscape ArchitectBeing A Landscape Architect Landscape architects typically do the following:
Confer with clients, engineers, and building architects to understand a project
Prepare site plans, specifications, and cost estimates Coordinate the arrangement of existing and proposed land features and
structures Prepare graphic representations and drawings of proposed plans and
designs Analyze environmental reports and data on land conditions, such as
drainage Inspect landscape work to ensure that it adheres to original plans Approve the quality of work that others do Seek new work through marketing or by giving presentations
Landscape Architect ProfessionLandscape Architect Profession
More on landscape architecture ? Visit http://asla.org/design/index.html
The Landscape Architecture profession in Malaysia was initially formed under the name Angkatan Landskap Arkitek Malaysia (ALAM) on 24 September 1981.
ALAM was represented by various professions and privates individuals. With the increasing number of graduates from local and aboard, there was a need to move the association forward, hence then ALAM became Institute of Landscape Architects Malaysia (ILAM).
In 1984, ILAM gained international recognition by becoming a member of the International Federation of Landscape Architects (IFLA) and the International Union of Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and also accepted as a member of the Malaysian Professional Centre (BIM) in 1992.
Professional BodyProfessional Body
Hard Landscape ElementsHard Landscape Elements
DefinitionThe term hard landscape is used by practitioners of landscape architecture and garden design to describe the construction materials which are used to improve a landscape by design .
Hard landscape can also describe outdoor furniture and other landscape products.
A wide range of hard landscape materials can be used, such as brick, gravel, stone, concrete, timber, bitumen, glass, metals, etc.
A. Hard Landscape Elements Functions of Hard Landscape Elements
to provide physical visual interest, i.e. texture, colours, materials
to satisfy practical needs of user, i.e. seating, safety, comfort
to protect landscape plantings, i.e. retaining walls, for example, can help prevent erosion and porous paving material limits water runoff.
Gazebos/Pavillions
A. Hard Landscape Elements
Japanese
Chinese
English
Islamic
A. Hard Landscape Elements Sculptures
Chinese
English
Japanese
JapaneseEnglish
A. Hard Landscape Elements Other Elements
Pergola (English)
Bridge (Japanese)
Moon Gate (Chinese)
Fountain (Islamic)
Bollard
B. Soft Landscape Elements Definition
The term soft landscape is used by practitioners of landscape design, landscape architecture, and garden design; and gardeners to describe the vegetative materials which are used to improve a landscape by design.
The range of soft landscape materials includes each layer of the ecological sequence: aquatic plants, semi-aquatic plants, field layer plants (including grasses and herbaceous plants) shrubs and trees.
B. Soft Landscape Elements Ground Covers & Grasses Some ground cover plants make good
alternatives to turfgrasses in some locations, especially in the xeriscaped landscape.
They provide variety of texture and color, reduce soil erosion, and serve as a transition between grass areas and shrub or flower beds.
Grasses add variety to many types of gardens, including water, Japanese, rock, wildlife, craft, xeriscape, container and others.
Ornamental grasses add two elements to the garden experience that are not readily obtained from many other plants: movement and sound.
B. Soft Landscape Elements Shrubs Shrubs are the primary way gardeners can
diversify the garden horizontally.
Shrubs are also a useful source for food and cover for wildlife on a smaller scale, often down to ground level.
Shrubs provide cover for some smaller shade-loving plants.
Some flowering shrubs attract birds with their fruit and some shrubs even provide colorful fall foliage rivaling any tree.
B. Soft Landscape Elements Trees Besides the economic value a quality tree
can add, it also provides shade, privacy, and beauty.
Trees provide dramatic vertical layering within the landscape and garden.
Trees create shady microclimates in the landscape, protecting shrubs and groundcovers from direct exposure to the natural elements.
B. Soft Landscape Elements
Fragrant and flowering shrubs
B. Soft Landscape Elements
Ornamental Garden (English & French)Pattern using evergreen shrubs called parterres and knots. Shape of geometry, box, yew are frequently trimmed.
Topiary As an art form it is a type of
living sculpture
B. Soft Landscape Elements
Annual Plant Plants that lasting only for a few months and normally planted at the strategic location.
SUSTAINABLE LANDSCAPESUSTAINABLE LANDSCAPE Sustainable landscaping encompasses a variety of practices that have developed in
response to environmental issues.
These practices are used in every phase of landscaping, including design, construction, implementation and management of residential and commercial landscapes.
Sustainability issues for landscaping include: Carbon Sequestration Global Climate Change Air Pollution Water Pollution Pesticide Toxicity Non-Renewable Resources Energy Usage Native plant
SUSTAINABLE LANDSCAPESUSTAINABLE LANDSCAPE Non-sustainable practices in landscape design include:
Soil contamination
air and water contamination
persistence of toxic compounds in the environment
non-sustainable consumption of natural resources
Greenhouse gas emissions
Invasive species
Some of the effects of non-sustainable practices are: Severe degradation of the surrounding ecosystem; harm to human health, especially in the case of degraded drinking water
supplies; harm to flora and fauna and their habitats; sedimentation of surface waters caused by stormwater runoff; chemical pollutants in drinking water caused by pesticide runoff; health problems caused by toxic fertilizers, toxic pesticides, improper use, handling, storage and disposal of pesticides; air and noise pollution caused by landscape equipment; invasion of wild lands by non-native weeds and insect pests; and over-use of limited natural resources.
SUSTAINABLE LANDSCAPESUSTAINABLE LANDSCAPE
SUSTAINABLE LANDSCAPESUSTAINABLE LANDSCAPE Some of the solutions being developed are:
Reduction of stormwater run-off through the use of bio-swales, rain gardens and green roofs and walls.
Reduction of water use in landscapes through design of water-wise garden techniques (sometimes known as xeriscapingTM)
Bio-filtering of wastes through constructed wetlands
Landscape irrigation using water from showers and sinks, known as gray water
SUSTAINABLE LANDSCAPESUSTAINABLE LANDSCAPE Creating and enhancing wildlife habitat in urban
environments
Energy-efficient landscape design in the form of proper placement and selection of shade trees and creation of wind breaks
Permeable paving materials to reduce stormwater run-off and allow rain water to infiltrate into the ground and replenish groundwater rather than run into surface water
SUSTAINABLE LANDSCAPESUSTAINABLE LANDSCAPE Use of sustainably harvested wood, composite
wood products for decking and other landscape projects, as well as use of plastic lumber
Recycling of products, such as glass, rubber from tires and other materials to create landscape products such as paving stones, mulch and other materials
Soil management techniques, including composting kitchen and yard wastes, to maintain and enhance healthy soil that supports a diversity of soil life
Integration and adoption of renewable energy, including solar-powered landscape lighting
SUSTAINABLE LANDSCAPESUSTAINABLE LANDSCAPE
Explore more on sustainable landscape and sample of case studies
http://www.asla.org/sustainablelandscapes/index.html
DiscussionIn groups of 3, read through the article provided and share your
findings/thoughts with the class.
Article 1
THE END