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Page Title: Page Numbers: U.S. Profile & Facts 5Disadvantages & Advantages 19State Profile 23Incentive & Concerns 44Cost 51Technology 56Conversion Process 65Types of Facilities Used In the U.S. 88Company Profile 91Industry Agencies Law & More 94Market Overview 104Investor Outlook 115Work Cited 123
Waste to Energy:Definition-
The conversion of non-recyclable waste materials into the following:
Useable heat Electricity Fuel
It’s often called waste-to-energy (WTE)
Waste to Energy:Definition-
Getting the energy can be done through:
Combustion Gasification Pyrolyzation Anaerobic Digestion Landfill Gas (LFG) Recovery
Waste to Energy:U.S. Profile-
247 Millions Tons Landfilled
112 Million Tons
Recycled Or
Composted
30 Million Tons Sent to WTE Plants
389 Million Tons Of Trash
Generated
84 WTE facilities in 23 States
(4 not being used
currently)
Energy recovered from 30 Million tons
Sell more than 14.5
Billon KWH of
renewable electricity
Recovering and
recycling of 730,000 tons
of metals
Avoids more than 30
million tons of CO2E
Enough total
energy to power
2,250,000 Homes
Compiled by author sourced from WTE.ORG
Waste to Energy:U.S. Consumption-
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
49,235,94048,356,727
46,598,300
54,804,29053,632,006
Amount Of Waste Energy Consumed In The U.S. (MWhs)
Amount of waste energy Consumed in the U.S (MWHs)
Compiled by author sourced from Statista.com
Waste to Energy:U.S. Facts-
In 2011, the U.S. combusted about 29 million tons of MSW for energy recovery
After energy is recovered, approximately 10% of the volume remains as ash
WTE facilities reduce the amount of greenhouse gases expressed as CO2 equivalents by about 1 ton for every ton of combusted waste
The WTE facilities produce $3.2 billion in revenue each year and provide stable support for local economies
Waste to Energy:Municipal Solid Waste-
U.S. municipal solid waste (MSW) contains items including packaging, food, grass clippings, sofas, computers, tires and refrigerators
MSW does not include industrial, hazardous or construction waste
After recycling and composting, 164 million tons of MSW were discarded in 2012
Waste to Energy:Municipal Solid Waste-
U.S. waste-to-energy facilities recover more than 730,000 tons of ferrous and on-ferrous metals
In the past 5 years, the recycling growth rate has slowed down
For every tone of paper recycled can save the equivalent of 166 gallons of gasoline in energy
Waste to Energy:Total MSW Generated in 2013-
Food Waste15%Plastics
13%
Wood6%
Yard Trim
mings14%
Rubber, Leather, & Textiles
9%
Glass5%
Other3%
Metal 9%
Paper27%
By Material (Before Recapturing) Food
Waste21%
Plastics18%
Yard Trim
mings8%Rubber, Leather, &
Textiles12%
Glass5%
Other4%
Metal 9%
Wood8%
Paper15%
By Material (After Recapturing)
Recapturing includes the processes of recycling, composting and waste-to-energy
Compiled by author sourced from EPA.ORG
Waste to Energy:Offtake and Ownership in
The U.S.-
48%52%
WTE Ownership
Publicy Owned Privately Owned
74%
5%
21%
WTE Energy Off Take
Electric Steam Only CHP
Complied by author from WTE.org
Disadvantages
The public’s concern about dioxins produced by WTE emission gas
Initial cost to build WTE plants
Residues still require proper testing and disposal
Plants will have to be built to comply with the Clean Air Act
The potential to neglect other plans for recycling and reuse of waste
The permitting process
Advantages
Always a reliable source of fuel and current landfill sites can be mined out
The reduction of waste to landfill and greenhouse gases
Reduces the reliance on fossil fuels
Can be operated in any weather year-round
Advantages
Communities with WTE have higher recycling rates
WTE facilities boots the local economy with more than just high-paying technical jobs
There has been a steady increase in landfill tipping fees since 2004
If electricity produced from MSW plans were to displace coal combustion, fossil CO2 emissions would decrease.
Emissions of SO2, NOx, and PM could also be reduced
Contact Us for the Full Presentation:
Mediacontact USA Inc.13575 58TH Street North #160
Clearwater, Fl. 33760
T: 727 538 4112E: [email protected]
www.mediacontactusa.com
Works Cited: Advancing Sustainable Materials Management: 2013 Fact Sheet. Washington, DC: United States Environmental Protection
Agency, June 2015. PDF. http://www.epa.gov/wastes/nonhaz/municipal/pubs/2013_advncng_smm_fs.pdf “Agricultural & Biomass Waste." Natural Energy Inc. N.p., 20 Nov. 2013. Web. 11 Sept. 2015.
http://www.epa.gov/wastes/nonhaz/municipal/wte/ "Answers to FAQ." Seas.columbia.edu. Waste-to-Energy Research and Technology Council, n.d. Web. 11 Sept. 2015.
http://www.seas.columbia.edu/earth/wtert/faq.html Boekhoudt, André, and Lars Behrendt. "Taxes and Incentives for Renewable Energy." KPMG INTERNATIONAL. KPMG
International Cooperative, Sept. 2014. Web. 11 Sept. 2015. https://www.kpmg.com/Global/en/IssuesAndInsights/ArticlesPublications/Documents/taxes-incentives-renewable-energy-v1.pdf
BioEnergy Consult: Powering a Clean Energy Future http://www.bioenergyconsult.com/tag/waste-to-energy-trends/ Biomass Energy Centre http://www.biomassenergycentre.org.uk/portal/page?
_pageid=75,17506&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL Bloomberg 2014 Sustainable Energy in America
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http://www.ibm.com/smarterplanet/global/files/us__en_us__cities__14_navigant_research.pdf Cunningham, Lynn J., and Beth A. Roberts. Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Incentives: A Summary of Federal
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http://www.epa.gov/lmop/publications-tools/funding-guide/federal-resources/index.html Ecomania Waste to Energy Plant http://www.ecomaine.org/our-facility/waste-to-energy-plant/ "Energy-from-Waste." EFW Waste-to-Energy WTE Renewable Energy Facility Clean World Initiative Sustainability. N.p., n.d.
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Works Cited: "Energy Incentives for Businesses in the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act." IRS. IRS, 23 Apr. 2015. Web. 11 Sept.
2015. http://www.irs.gov/uac/Energy-Incentives-for-Businesses-in-the-American-Recovery-and-Reinvestment-Act Energy World.com An Independent Engineering Evaluation of Waste-to-Energy Technologies Thomas Stringfellow and Robert
Witherell, CH2M HILL Engineers, Inc.http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/articles/2014/01/an-independent-engineering-evaluation-of-waste-to-energy-technologies.html
Environmental Research & Education Foundation (EREF) Biological Conversion Overview http://www.newmoa.org/events/docs/112_109/EREF_MSW_Conversion_Techs_Aug2013.pdf
xcel Energy http://www.xcelenergy.com/ Funk, Kip, Jana Milford, and Travis Simpkins. Waste Not, Want Not: Analyzing the Economic and Environmental Viability of
Waste-to-Energy (WTE) Technology for Site-Specific Optimization of Renewable Energy Options. Golden, CO: The Joint Institute for Strategic Energy Analysis, Feb. 2013. PDF. http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy13osti/52829.pdf
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gasification.htm "Incineration of Municipal Solid Waste: Understanding the Costs and Financial Risks." Pembina Institute. N.p., 9 May 2007.
Web. 11 Sept. 2015. Fact Sheet 4 https://www.pembina.org/reports/Incineration_FS_Costs.pdf Industry.usa.siemans.com http://www.industry.usa.siemens.com/automation/us/en/process-instrumentation-and-analytics/
process-analytics/continuous-gas-analytics/Pages/Biogas-landfill-analyzers.aspx?stc=usiia120073&s_kwcid=AL!464!10!2396329450!24955291792&ef_id=VdYWvwAABf5ySqeE:20150910134737:s
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http://www.americanchemistry.com/Policy/Energy/Energy-Recovery/The-Power-of-Waste.pdf Landfill Gas Recovery http://www.corken.com/Land_Fill_Gas_Recovery LOCAL GOVERNMENT CLIMATE AND ENERGY STRATEGY GUIDES Landfill Gas Energy A Guide to Developing and Implementing
Greenhouse Gas Reduction Programs http://www.epa.gov/statelocalclimate/documents/pdf/landfill_methane_utilization.pdf Michaels, Ted. The Role of Waste-to-Energy in a Renewable and Carbon-Conscious Environment. Washington, DC: Energy
Recovery Council, 17 Mar. 2011. PDF. Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments (COG) Recycling Committee Meeting. http://www.mwcog.org/uploads/committee-documents/ZF5WX1dX20110321092643.pdf
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http://www.acore.org/files/pdfs/ACORE_Outlook_for_RE_2014.pdf The Solid Waste Association of North America (SWANA). Waste-to-Energy Facilities Provide Significant Economic Benefits. Solid
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