Tools for problem indentification and analysis

Problem tree analysis

• Identifying problems, their causes, their roots

• In a collaborative setting

• Designing solutions and objectives

• There are alternative methods

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Step 1 - Formulate the problems

Group brainstorm

Participants should discuss and try and agree on one focal problem.

Step 2: Elaborate the problem tree

Identify the causes of the focal problem – the roots of the Tree –

…. and then identify the consequences – which become the branches.

The heart of the exercise is the discussion, debate and dialogue

Exercise: Make a problem tree, in groups

Core Problem: A very high % of unemployed migrants in one city quarter

The discussion group has the following members:

1. School teacher

2. Owner of a large multinational company

3. Unemployed immigrant

4. Director of the cities’ employment office

5. Owner of a small retail shop in the area

6. Social worker

7. xxx

Create a problem tree. You have about 30 minutes!!!

Discussion issues:

Which causes and consequences are getting better, which are getting worse and which are staying the same?

What are the most serious consequences?

Which causes are easiest / most difficult to address?

Where could a policy change help address a cause or consequence?

From problems to solutions

A solution (also called objectives) tree is developed by reversing the negative statements that form the problem tree into positive ones.

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From solutions to objectives

"Objectives are statements of specific outcomes that are to be achieved”

Example: “more people going to work by bike”

SMART:

Specific

Measurable

Attainable

Relevant

Time-bound

(Evaluate)

(Re-evaluate)

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Solutions to objectives

Prioritisation Grid

Impact

Feasibility

Low High

Lo

wH

igh

Exercise

Make a solutions tree

If your group is fast:

Turn solutions into objectives

Put them in the prioritization grid

Advantages of the Problem Tree

The problem can be broken down, which helps to prioritize and focus objectives;

Better understanding of the problem and its causes

It can help establish whether further information, evidence or resources are needed to make a strong case, or build a convincing solution;

The process of analysis helps build a shared sense of understanding, purpose and action.

Questions

What are the 3 key lessons from the seminar that you could apply in your city

How and what will you report back to your local support group

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