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A presentation made at the 1st LCA and Steel Seminar in China 2012 by Dr Edwin Basson Director General, worldsteel
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Steel industry in a sustainable society
Edwin Basson, 19th July 2012
18 July 2012 2
This document is protected by copyright.
Distribution to third parties or reproduction in any format is not
permitted without written permission from worldsteel
.
18 July 2012 3
Steel is a cornerstone
and key driver for the
world’s economy.
4
0
400
800
1200
1600
1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
Global growth in steel production is linked to human
development
Years Mln t
1970 595
1975 644
1980 717
1985 719
1990 770
1995 752
2000 849
2005 1144
2010 1414
2011 1,518
Source: worldsteel
World crude steel production, 1950-2011
Steel a key driver of the world’s economy
World crude steel production: From 28.3 Mt in 1900 to 851
megatonnes (Mt) in 2001 to 1,527 Mt in 2011.
Directly employs 2 million people worldwide, with a further 2
million contractors and 4 million in supporting industries.
As key product supplier to industries such as automotive,
construction, transport, power and machine goods, steel industry
has employment multiplier of 25:1. Steel industry is at the source
of employment for more than 50 million people.
World average steel use per capita has steadily increased from
150kg in 2001 to 220kg in 2010.
18 July 2012 5
18 July 2012 6
Steel is an innovative
and progressive
industry committed to
the safety and health
of its people.
Safe, innovative and progressive steel
The industry is committed to the goal of an injury-free workplace.
The steel industry globally spends more than €12 billion annually on
improving the manufacturing process, new product development and
future breakthrough technology.
New lightweight steel is dramatically changing the market. In 1937,
83,000 tonnes of steel was needed to build the Golden Gate Bridge in
San Francisco. Today only half of that would be needed.
Vehicles using advanced high strength steel (AHSS) weigh up to 35%
less than those made with conventional steel substantially reducing
greenhouse gas emissions.
18 July 2012 7
18 July 2012 8
Total Fatalities – Frequency Rate
0.021
0.031
0.026
0.0340.031
0.036
0.041
0.043
0.0520.046
0.0650.0710.072
0.107
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
2011201020092008200720062005
To
tal F
ata
liti
es
Employee Fatalities Contractor Fatalities
Employee Fatality Frequency Rate Contractor Fatality Frequency Rate
Industry comparison Lost Time Injury Frequency Rate
18 July 2012 9
References: Oil & Gas data: International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, Safety performance indicators – 2010 data (report no. 455, May 2011
(includes exploration & production, onshore & offshore)
Aluminium data: International Aluminium Institute – Aluminium Sustainability Update 2009 includes Smelters, Refineries & Bauxite mines
(data for ’04 and ’05 estimated from graph, last three years added flat for clarity)
Cement data: World Business Council for Sustainable Development – Safety in the cement industry: Guidelines for measuring and
reporting, updated 2008 last three years added for clarity(Data for EMPLOYEES only)
Combined Global LTIFR (Employees + Contractors)
18 July 2012 10
Steel touches every
aspect of our lives.
No other material has
the same unique
combination of
strength, formability
and versatility.
11
All products
Source: worldsteel
51 percent of global steel is used for construction
18 July 2012
Steel is everywhere in your life
Almost 200 billion cans of food are produced each year. Steel cans
mean energy saving as refrigeration is not needed, tamper free and safe
food, nutritional value and beneficial environmental impact from
recycling,
Steel used for double-hulled cape-size vessels delivering raw materials,
finished goods and energy must have the highest impact toughness,
corrosion resistance and weld-ability
Skyscrapers are made possible by steel. The housing and construction
sector is the largest consumer of steel today, using around 50% of world
steel production.
Approx. 25% of an average computer is made of steel. Over 320 million
pc’s were sold in 2010.
Our health is looked after by steel. Steel surfaces are hygienic and easy
to clean. Surgical and safety equipment and commercial kitchens are all
made with steel.
18 July 2012 12
18 July 2012 13
Steel is at the core
of the green
economy, in which
economic growth
and environmental
responsibility work
hand in hand.
14
Under green economy steel industry has to be
sustainable on three levels:
Financially sustainable: Profitable throughout the cycle
Innovative with strong R&D activity: steel industry is active in development of new products, new production and environmental protection technologies
Environmentally sustainable Environmentally responsible: respects the environment and operates
within its boundaries
Resource efficient: uses natural resources and energy in an efficient and sustainable manner
Socially sustainable Safe: provides safe and healthy workplaces
Socially responsible: provides special social security, care about the health and well-being of workers and the communities in which we operate
15
CO2 emissions by sector
Percentage of iron & steel in global CO2 emissions is app. 6.5%
Source: IEA 2010 CO2 emissions from fuel combustion
Residential, 7%
Other, 10%
Electricty and heat, 41%
Transport, 22%
Industry, 20%
18 July 2012
18 July 2012 16
CO2 breakthrough programme
Tackling key programmes for reducing emissions for the industry
Provides forum for sharing BAT,BAP, mitigation techniques and
breakthrough programme
Work scope: focus on co-ordination of programmes
ULCOS - Top Gas Recycling, Hisarna, Ulcoreduction, Ulcowin, Ulcolysis
Course 50 Programme, Reduce emissions, Capture CO2 from BF
POSCO – Finex emissions reduction, CCS, H2 steel making
Australian Programme – Biomass use, Heat recovery from Slag
CSC Taiwan – CO2 concentration and separation from flue gas and CCS
AISI – Hydrogen Flash Melting, Molten Oxide Electrolysis
CCS promotion – required technique to make sufficient reduction > 50%
17 17 | 7.5.2010 · Gerhard Endemann · © Steel institute VDEh | WV Stahl
Assessment of the CO2 balance on the basis of case
studies across the product life cycle
Steel's CO2 balance analyzed …
Other applications
Mining
Pro-
duction Pro-
cessing
Innovative applications
≤ Case
study
3
Case
study
2
Case
study
1
Case
study
...
Industry
carbon
footprint Effects in
the use of
the
products
18 18 | 7.5.2010 · Gerhard Endemann · © Steel institute VDEh | WV Stahl
Assessment of the CO2 balance on the basis of case
studies across the product life cycle
Steel's CO2 balance analyzed … … across total product life cycle
Raw
materi
al
Raw
material
produc-
tion
Pro-
cessi
ng
Use Recy
c-ling
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
20
Raw
materia
l
Steel
productio
n
Processin
g
Us
e
Recyclin
g
Tota
l
CO2 emissions in Mt
Quantification
of eight
case studies
+ Other applications
Mining
Pro-
duction Pro-
cessing
Innovative applications
≤ Case
study
3
Case
study
2
Case
study
1
Case
study
...
Industry
carbon
footprint Effects in
the use of
the
products
19 19 | 7.5.2010 · Gerhard Endemann · © Steel institute VDEh | WV Stahl
Innovative use of steel saves six times as much CO2 as
is caused by the production of the steel
1. HH = households; CTS = commerce, trade, and service 2. Geothermal, biomass, hydro 3. CO2 expenditure for other materials not examined; values are rounded 4. Ratio relates exclusively to the emissions of steel production; values are rounded Source: BCG analysis
Mt
9 11 10 1 0
1.0
0.9
8.4
0.7
0.1
0.03
0.4
<0.1
Case study
Emissions in the
steel production3
Efficient fossil fuel PPs
Wind power plants Other renewables2
Efficient transformers Efficient e-motors Weight reduction cars Weight reduction trucks Combined heat/power
Energy
industry
Traffic
HH, ind.,
CTS1
3
5
1
2
4
6
7
8
∑~ 12 Mt
20 20 | 7.5.2010 · Gerhard Endemann · © Steel institute VDEh | WV Stahl
1.9
2.1
Mt
5 30 10 0
9.2
1.0
11.2
5.0
14.2
29.5
Innovative use of steel saves six times as much CO2 as
is caused by the production of the steel
1. HH = households; CTS = commerce, trade, and service 2. Geothermal, biomass, hydro 3. CO2 expenditure for other materials not examined; values are rounded 4. Ratio relates exclusively to the emissions of steel production; values are rounded Source: BCG analysis
Mt
9 11 10 1 0
1.0
0.9
8.4
0.7
0.1
0.03
0.4
<0.1
Case study
Net CO2 reduction
potential Emissions in the
steel production3
Efficient fossil fuel PPs
Wind power plants Other renewables2
Efficient transformers Efficient e-motors Weight reduction cars Weight reduction trucks Combined heat/power
Energy
industry
Traffic
HH, ind.,
CTS1
3
5
1
2
4
6
7
8
∑~ 74 Mt ∑~ 12 Mt
21 21 | 7.5.2010 · Gerhard Endemann · © Steel institute VDEh | WV Stahl
1.9
2.1
Mt
5 30 10 0
9.2
1.0
11.2
5.0
14.2
29.5
Innovative use of steel saves six times as much CO2 as
is caused by the production of the steel
1. HH = households; CTS = commerce, trade, and service 2. Geothermal, biomass, hydro 3. CO2 expenditure for other materials not examined; values are rounded 4. Ratio relates exclusively to the emissions of steel production; values are rounded Source: BCG analysis
Mt
9 11 10 1 0
1.0
0.9
8.4
0.7
0.1
0.03
0.4
<0.1
Case study
Net CO2 reduction
potential
1.3 : 1
14 : 1
1.1 : 1
Emissions in the
steel production3
Efficient fossil fuel PPs
Wind power plants Other renewables2
Efficient transformers Efficient e-motors Weight reduction cars Weight reduction trucks Combined heat/power
Energy
industry
Traffic
HH, ind.,
CTS1
3
5
1
2
4
6
7
8
Ratio between CO2
reduction/emission4
3 : 1
~ 400 : 1
32 : 1
9 : 1
∑~ 74 Mt ∑~ 12 Mt
~ 200 : 1
6 : 1
Sustainable steel
The amount of energy required to produce a tonne of steel has
been reduced by 50% in the last 30 years.
All steel created as long as150 years ago can be recycled today
and used in new products and applications.
By sector, global steel recovery rates for recycling are
estimated at 85% for construction, 85% for automotive, 90% for
machinery and 50% for electrical and domestic appliances.
Leading to a global weighted average of over 70%.
Steel is the main material used in delivering renewable energy –
solar, tidal and wind.
Nowadays, 97% of steel by-products can be re-used.
Water uptake and discharge are close to each other, with any
small loss due to evaporation. Water recycled back into rivers
and other sources is often cleaner than when extracted.
18 July 2012 22
18 July 2012 23
Use and maintenance
LCA
Design and conception
Steel production
Manufacturing
Recycling and disposal
Life Cycle
Assessment (LCA),
new solutions for
new times.
worldsteel.org