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Shedding Light on the SubjectShedding Light on the Subject
Film Appreciation/ Basic Photography
Mass Communication Department
Film Appreciation/ Basic Photography
Mass Communication Department
Form vs FunctionForm vs Function
We see what we expect to see, instead of what is there.
We see function, not form.
The camera doesn’t know about function, it only sees form.
We see what we expect to see, instead of what is there.
We see function, not form.
The camera doesn’t know about function, it only sees form.
To see what the camera seesTo see what the camera sees
Secret: look not for function, but for shapes, forms, the way lights hit the subject, highlights, shadows, contrast, color and relationship of subject to other things in the field of view.
Secret: look not for function, but for shapes, forms, the way lights hit the subject, highlights, shadows, contrast, color and relationship of subject to other things in the field of view.
OverviewOverview
Light and Shadow Light Source Position Light Direction Light Ratio Hard Light and Soft Light
Light and Shadow Light Source Position Light Direction Light Ratio Hard Light and Soft Light
Light and ShadowLight and Shadow
Take note of the following:
Light Source: where it’s coming from?
Where highlights and shadows fall?
Take note of the following:
Light Source: where it’s coming from?
Where highlights and shadows fall?
FrontlightingFrontlighting
“Shoot with sun behind you”
“safe” lighting: bright and shadow-free photo
Flat, shadow-less photo No texture and depth, less
dramatic Nothing is hidden in
shadows (a) Up lighting (b) Down lighting
“Shoot with sun behind you”
“safe” lighting: bright and shadow-free photo
Flat, shadow-less photo No texture and depth, less
dramatic Nothing is hidden in
shadows (a) Up lighting (b) Down lighting
Sidelighting/ RimlightingSidelighting/ Rimlighting
Brings out texture and shape of subject
Produces strong shadows
Dramatic lighting: early or late in the day
Shoot northerly or southerly
Brings out texture and shape of subject
Produces strong shadows
Dramatic lighting: early or late in the day
Shoot northerly or southerly
BacklightingBacklighting
Comes from behind the subject
Casts shadows towards the camera
Silhouette vs flash-fill To light the subject:
use reflector
Comes from behind the subject
Casts shadows towards the camera
Silhouette vs flash-fill To light the subject:
use reflector
Low Angle LightingLow Angle Lighting
Light comes from below a subject
Campfires, setting sun Good for eerie
Halloween portraits
Light comes from below a subject
Campfires, setting sun Good for eerie
Halloween portraits
Top LightingTop Lighting
Natural lighting effect Light source at some
angle above the subject Bad for portraits: subject’s
eyes get lost in deep shadows
Bad for scenics: shadows are short and not dramatic
Natural lighting effect Light source at some
angle above the subject Bad for portraits: subject’s
eyes get lost in deep shadows
Bad for scenics: shadows are short and not dramatic
Main Light and Fill LightMain Light and Fill Light
Main or key light: dominant light source/ provides lighting direction
Main or key light: Establishes highlights and shadows
Main or key light: dominant light source/ provides lighting direction
Main or key light: Establishes highlights and shadows
Fill LightFill Light
Fill light: second light Direct light into shadow
areas and lighten them to desired level
Less powerful than key lights
Establishes the lighting ratio; main light establishes lighting direction
Fill light: second light Direct light into shadow
areas and lighten them to desired level
Less powerful than key lights
Establishes the lighting ratio; main light establishes lighting direction
Lighting RatioLighting Ratio
Difference in brightness between the highlight area and shadow area
Lighting ratio for portrait: 2:1 to 4:1
Difference in brightness between the highlight area and shadow area
Lighting ratio for portrait: 2:1 to 4:1
Bong S. Eliab 2008
Hard Light and Soft LightHard Light and Soft Light
Hard light: produces dark shadows and harsh higlights
Soft light: produces weak shadows and muted highlights
Hard light: produces dark shadows and harsh higlights
Soft light: produces weak shadows and muted highlights
Lighting AccessoriesLighting Accessories
Bounce umbrellas: reflectors
Effective in softening the light
The bigger the umbrella, the softer the light
Bounce umbrellas: reflectors
Effective in softening the light
The bigger the umbrella, the softer the light
DIY LightingDIY Lighting
Get a spotlight bulb from a hardware
220V, 1000W 220V, 500W 220V, 250W
Get a spotlight bulb from a hardware
220V, 1000W 220V, 500W 220V, 250W
CanisterCanister
Use a paint can or mil can
Install a standard bulb socket
Connect to regular 600V wire
Install switch/ dimmer according to wattage
Use a paint can or mil can
Install a standard bulb socket
Connect to regular 600V wire
Install switch/ dimmer according to wattage
Flaps at the FrontFlaps at the Front
Use regular hinges Bold hinges on the can
using 0.5 screw/ nuts Paint flaps with black
paint
Mount canister on a regular tripod head
Use regular hinges Bold hinges on the can
using 0.5 screw/ nuts Paint flaps with black
paint
Mount canister on a regular tripod head
SummarySummary
Lighting is a very important element of every photograph. Learning to see and control lighting will make your photo better.
The lighting direction creates the overall look of the photo.
With natural light, you can control the effect by moving your subject and camera or by waiting for the sun to move to a better position for scenic subjects.
Lighting is a very important element of every photograph. Learning to see and control lighting will make your photo better.
The lighting direction creates the overall look of the photo.
With natural light, you can control the effect by moving your subject and camera or by waiting for the sun to move to a better position for scenic subjects.
SummarySummary
Built-in electronic flash lighting is convenient, but not exciting.
Soft light is more forgiving than hard light. When you go out looking for things to
photograph, look for lighting instead of things.
Built-in electronic flash lighting is convenient, but not exciting.
Soft light is more forgiving than hard light. When you go out looking for things to
photograph, look for lighting instead of things.