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Nitrogen Supply to improve vine balance
By:
Jadmika
Uttam Floray
•Keller, M., Arnink, K.J., Hrazdina, G.(1998).
Vine Nitrogen Cycle
•White, E.R. (2003). Soils for Fine Wines. New York: Oxford University Press
Vine BalanceRichard Smart GuidelinesVisual analysisCanopy ideotypeVineyard scorecardPoint quadrat
•Winkler, A.J. (1962). General Viticulture. California: University of California.
The nitrogen uptake cycleSpring: High uptake of nitrogen due to
growth season as nitrogen is used as a base backbone for DNA, protein, amino acid, and other component building block for producing new tissue (cell division & cell elongation)
Summer: Low-medium uptake, nitrogen uptake during this season is depended upon the growth cycle of the plant.
•Coombe, B.G., & Dry, P.R. (2006). Viticulture: volume 2 practises. South Australia: Winetitles
The nitrogen uptake cycleAutumn: nitrogen uptake slows down, leaves
become brown and die as the nitrogen is pulled back from the green tissue to the roots for storage.
Winter: no nitrogen uptake, nitrogen is fully stored in the roots for the next growing season, wood is lignified & leaves completely fall off.
Bear in mind that we look at this aspect as the seasonal perspective although nitrogen uptake on vine actually depended upon the grapevine growth cycle
•Coombe, B.G., & Dry, P.R. (2006). Viticulture: volume 2 practises. South Australia: Winetitles
Nitrogen uptake cycle during various stages of vine
•White, E.R. (2003). Soils for Fine Wines. New York: Oxford University Press
The application of nitrogen fertigationWhat to apply?When? How to maximize the effect of the nitrogen
fertigation?What’s the impact on the vine and
environment?
Main Consideration
Strategy Preplanting Young Vines Mature Vines Special Considerations
Easily leached in sandy soilsMay reduce soil pH when used over a number of years
Maintenance(annually or more frequently)
Nil Apply 3g of actual nitrogen per vine per month to soil near base of rootling, or Use about 30ppm actual N in drip feed
Nitrogen can be used to maintain vigour.Apply by drip irrigation. Foliar sprays of 5g urea/litre are used with micro nutrients in some areas. In areas with loams and clay soils, vigour may be satisfactory with lower rates of N or no application at all.
High rates of N may help where vigour is poor. If the legume component of winter growth in the vineyard is high this may supply enough nitrogen for the vines. Drip irrigation mature vines need N to compensate for the leaching effect of the point source irrigation
(Source Coombe and Dry Viticulture Volume 2 Practices
List of Nitrogen fertilizer
•White, E.R. (2003). Soils for Fine Wines. New York: Oxford University Press
•White, E.R. (2003). Soils for Fine Wines. New York: Oxford University Press
Effect of nitrogen fertigation on Vegetative growthMore chlorophyll will be producedStimulate the production of green tissue and
root growthDelayed leaf senescenceHigh juice to skin ratio
Effect of nitrogen fertigation on Reproductive growthHigh berry number per bunch High yieldMinimize inflorescence necrosisNitrate acts as a inhibitor for formation of
total phenol and anthocyanin by sucrose.
•Fertigation, Retrived http://www.pacificag.co.nz/pages/54/fertigation.htm
Excessive nitrogen supplyVine can become imbalance (high vigour
leads to more vegetative growth).Shading causing high disease pressure.Toxic due to deposition of white amino acid
salts causing severe burning in the leaves.High juice to skin ratio not suitable for red
wine productionCausing bunch stem necrosis
Sunburn!!
•Winery & Vineyard, http://www.practicalwinery.com/SeptOct05/septoct05p24.htm
•Winery & Vineyard, http://www.practicalwinery.com/SeptOct05/septoct05p24.htm
Deficit of nitrogen supplyLow vegetative growth (vegetative growth is needed prior budburst onwards until veraison)
Less photosythesis rate reaction in the plantLow in chlorophyll contentCan lead to abortion of entire inflorescenceIf accompanied by good light exposure
produce anthocyanin profile that is dominant in Dp-3-glucoside.
ConclusionThe application of nitrogen need to be consider according
to weather pattern, type of soil, irrigation, rootstock used, environmental issue, etc
As the impact with vine balance also need to be consider since excessive and deficit of nitrogen will effected the reproductive and vegetative growth
Vegetative vigour can be regulate by strategising the supply of Nitrogen to the vine.
Fertigation is an important tool in application of Nutrients to the vineyard.
Reference Coombe, B.G., & Dry, P.R. (2006). Viticulture: volume 2 practises. South Australia: Winetitles Fertigation, Retrived 22 November 2009, from http://www.pacificag.co.nz/pages/54/fertigation.htm Keller, M., Arnink, K.J., Hrazdina, G.(1998). Interaction of nitrogen availability during bloom and
light intensity during veraison. I. Effect of grapevine growth, fruit development, and ripening. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 49-3, 333-339
Keller, M., Hrazdina, G.(1998). Interaction of nitrogen availability during bloom and light intensity during veraison. II. Effect of grapevine growth, fruit development, and ripening. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 49-3, 341-348
Keller, M., Kummer, M., Carmovasconcelos, M. (2001). Soil nitrogen utilisation for growth and gas exchange by grapevines in response to nitrogen supply and rootstock. Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research, 7, 2-11.
Keller, M., Kummer, M., Carmovasconcelos, M. (2001).Reproductive growth of grapevines in response to nitrogen supply and rootstock. Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research, 7, 12-18.
Rodriguez-Lovelle, B., Gaudillere, J.P. (2002).Carbon and nitrogen partitioning in either fruiting or non-fruiting grapevines: effects of nitrogen limitation before and after veraison. Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research, 8, 86-94.
White, E.R. (2003). Soils for Fine Wines. New York: Oxford University Press Winkler, A.J. (1962). General Viticulture. California: University of California. Winery & Vineyard, Retrived 22 November 2009, from http://
www.practicalwinery.com/SeptOct05/septoct05p24.htm