NATURE AND CONCEPT OF MANAGEMENT

Ms. Lalaine B. CazarReferences: http://kalyan-city.blogspot.com/2011/04/what-is-management-definitions-meaning.html

http://www.slideshare.net/robingulati30/concept-nature-purpose-of-managementhttps://www.managementstudyguide.com/what_is_management.htm

That’s Not My Job

This is a story about four people named Everybody, Somebody, Anybody and Nobody. There was an important job to be done and Everybody was sure that Somebody would do it. Anybody could have done it, but Nobody did it. Somebody got angry about that, because it was Everybody’s job. Everybody thought Anybody could do it, but Nobody realized that Everybody wouldn’t do it. It ended up that Everybody blamed Somebody when Nobody did what Anybody could have.

CONCEPT OF MANAGEMENT

A. TRADITIONAL CONCEPT• Management is the art of getting things done through others.

(Mary Parker Follett)

• Management consists of getting things done through others. A manager is one who accomplishes organizational objectives by directing the efforts of others. (C.S. George)

B. MODERN CONCEPT• Management is establishing an effective environment for

people operating in formal organizational group. (koontz and op’donnel)

• Management is the co-ordination of all resources through the process of Planning, Organizing, Directing and Controlling in order to attain stated objectives. (F.W. Taylor)

Definition of Management

According to Harold Koontz,

"Management is the art of getting things done through and with people in formally organized groups."Harold Koontz gave this definition of management in his book "The Management Theory Jungle".

According to Henri Fayol,

"To manage is to forecast and to plan, to organize, to command, to co-ordinate and to control.“ Henri Fayol gave this definition of management in his book "Industrial and General Administration".

Definition of Management

According to F.W. Taylor

" Management is an art of knowing what to do, when to do and see that it is done in the best and cheapest way."

Management can be defined in the following categories :

1. Management as a Process 2. Management as an Activity3. Management as a Discipline4. Management as a Group5. Management as a Science6. Management as an Art7. Management as a Profession

Basic Functions of Management

1. Planning- involves selecting a course of action and specifying how the

action will be implemented to attain the organization’s objectives.

2. Organizing- is designing a formal structure of tasks and authority

in which personnel and material resources are arranged to carry out plans and objectives.

Basic Functions of Management

3. Leading

- This requires the ability to motivate and effectively direct people. Managers assign tasks to employees, arbitrate disputes, answer questions, solve on-the-spot problems, and make many small decisions that affect customers and employees.

4. Controlling

- is evaluating performance to see whether objectives are being met and the application of corrective actions if they are not

Who are Managers?

Someone who works with and through other people by coordinating their work activities in order to accomplish organizational goals.

A manager is responsible for planning and directing the work of group of individuals, monitoring their performance and taking corrective action when necessary for the accomplishment of organizational goals and objectives.

Levels of Management

The level of management determines a chain of command, the amount of authority & status enjoyed by any managerial position. The levels of management can be classified in three broad categories:

Levels of ManagementTop Level or Administrative Level - It consists of board of directors, chief executive or managing director.

The role of the top management can be summarized as follows:

Top management lays down the objectives and broad policies of the enterprise. It issues necessary instructions for preparation of department budgets, procedures, schedules etc. It appoints the executive for middle level i.e. departmental managers. It controls & coordinates the activities of all the departments. It is also responsible for maintaining a contact with the outside world. The top management is also responsible towards the shareholders for the performance of the enterprise.

Levels of Management

Middle Level of ManagementThe branch managers and departmental managers constitute middle level.

• They are responsible to the top management for the functioning of their department. They devote more time to organizational and directional functions. They execute the plans of the organization in accordance with the policies and directives of the top management.• They interpret and explain policies from top level management to lower level.• It also sends important reports and other important data to top level management.• They evaluate performance of junior managers.• They are also responsible for inspiring lower level managers towards better performance.

Levels of Management

Middle Level of ManagementThe branch managers and departmental managers constitute middle level.

• They are responsible to the top management for the functioning of their department. They devote more time to organizational and directional functions. They execute the plans of the organization in accordance with the policies and directives of the top management.• They interpret and explain policies from top level management to lower level.• It also sends important reports and other important data to top level management.• They evaluate performance of junior managers.• They are also responsible for inspiring lower level managers towards better performance.

Levels of ManagementLower Level of Management is also known as supervisory / operative level of management. It consists of supervisors, foreman, section officers, superintendent etc. According to R.C. Davis, “Supervisory management refers to those executives whose work has to be largely with personal oversight and direction of operative employees”. In other words, they are concerned with direction and controlling function of management.

•Assigning of jobs and tasks to various workers.•They guide and instruct workers for day to day activities.•They are responsible for the quality as well as quantity of production.•They are also entrusted with the responsibility of maintaining good relation in the organization.•They communicate workers problems, suggestions, and recommendatory appeals to the higher level and higher level goals and objectives to the workers.

Levels of Management

Lower Level of Management

•They help to solve the grievances of the workers.•They arrange necessary materials, machines, tools etc for getting the things done.•They prepare periodical reports about the performance of the workers.•They ensure discipline in the enterprise.•They motivate workers.•They are the image builders of the enterprise because they are in direct contact with the workers.