Lesson 2 Deck Equipment And Marlinspike Seamanship

NS100

Deck Equipment and Marlinespike Seamanship

Cleat - Consists of a double-ended pair of horns, used for securing a line or wire.

Bitts - Pairs of heavy vertical cylinders, used for making fast lines led through chocks.

Bollard - Strong cylindrical upright on a pier, about which a mooring line is placed.

Ground Tackle and Mooring Equipment


Chock - Heavy fitting with smooth surfaces through which mooring lines are led.

Roller

Open

Closed

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Padeye - A metal plate with an “eye”, attached to the deck to distribute a load over a large area.

Lifelines - Lines erected around the edges of decks, referred to as follows: Top - Lifeline Middle - Housing line Bottom - Foot ropeSnaking - Netting rigged between foot rope and deck.


Capstan - Separate vertical machinery units or part of the anchor windlass around which lines are passed, commonly used in mooring and anchoring evolutions.


Camel - A large float or raft used as a fender.

Rat guards - Shields secured around mooring lines to prevent rats from coming board ships.


Dip the EyeWhen two bights are placed on the same bollard, the second one is led up through the first before being put over the bollard. This allows either to be cast off without moving the other.

Chafing gear - Canvas or other material placed around mooring lines to prevent wear.

Fenders - Material designed to

absorb the shock of contact

between two ships or a ship and a

pier.


Boatswain’s chair - Used for sending one person over the side.

Jacob’s ladder - Rope ladder w/rungs rigged over the side for temporary use

Boat boom - Spar swung out from the side of the ship, permits small boats to ride safely alongside while at anchor.


Pilot’s ladder - Flexible portable ladder, usually constructed of metal, sturdier than a Jacob’s ladder.

Sea ladder - Rigid, portable ladder that maybe rigged to the side of the ship.

Accommodation ladder - Rigid, inclined ladder rigged to the side of the ship to allow boarding of a moored or anchored ship.


Mooring Lines

Mooring lines are the lines used to secure theship to a wharf, pier or another ship.

Definition of lines:Breast lines - Run at right angles from the ship,control distance of ship from pierAft spring lines - Tend aft from ship, control forward movement.Forward spring lines - Tend forward from the ship, control aft movement

Mooring Lines

Numbering of lines:#1 - Bow line #2 - Aft bow spring line#3 - Forward bow spring line#4 - Aft quarter spring line#5 - Forward quarter spring line#6 - Stern line

1 3 4 5 62

Mooring Lines

• DO NOT MIX MOORING LINE

Never mix lines of different constructions or material . Each type of rope exhibits different elongation characteristics and mixing will result in an unequal load sharing

Marlinespike Seamanship

Marlinespike seamanship is the art of - handling- maintaining- working

with line or rope, including every variety of- knotting - splicing - lashing.

Rope and Line

Rope - general term that refers to both fiber and wire. It is manufactured from fiber, wire, or a combination of the two.Almost every fiber rope in use on board ship is a line.

Rope and Line Fiber rope - Commonly called “line”, it isfashioned from natural or synthetic fibers.

Measured by circumference

Types of construction: -Twisted - Braided - Plaited

Rope and Line (classification and construction, cont’d)

Types of fiber rope: Natural: Synthetic: Aramid:-manila - nylon - 4 strands kevlar-cotton - polyester- hemp - polypropylene


Wire rope - basic unit of construction is the metal wire.

- Measured by diameter.

- Construction: individual wires are laidtogether to form strands, and strands are laidtogether to form the wire rope.


Wire rope Designated by - number of strands per rope, and- number of wires per strand.- example: 6 x 196 strands per rope19 wires per strand

Wire Rope (cont’d) - - large number of small wires produces high flexibility but low abrasion resistance.- a small number of large wires would stiffer, but more resistant to abrasion.

Cores - - single wire strand adds strength - fiber adds flexibility.



Combination - - measured by diameter - six main strands of fiber and wire ropeinterwoven, laid around a fiber core.- used as mooring lines for extra strength - fiber rope adds great flexibility andelasticity

Natural vs Synthetic

Important differences :- Synthetic fiber lines slip more easily.

- Synthetic line has higher breaking strength.

- Synthetic line has poor knot-holding characteristics.

- Synthetic lines stretch under load.

Synthetic Line Construction

3-strand double-braided plaitedBreaking Low High Medium strength

Abrasion Best Low Medium resistance

Relative High Low Highest stretch

Cost Low High Medium

Synthetic Line Materials Nylon Polypropylene Polyester

Breaking High Low Medium strength

Abrasion Best Poor Good resistance

Relative High Medium Least stretch

Cost Medium Low High

Small Stuff Line or rope less than 1 3/4 inches in circumference. Identified by the number of yarns (threads) it contains, rather than its size.

Marline - Two-strand, tarred hemp, used for “serving” a line. (Serving a line means to wrap it with marline to protect it from weather or to make it look neater. Most commonly used on natural fiber lines)

Houseline - Three-strand, left laid tarred hemp for light

seizing, light rigging, and work exposed to weather.

MONKEY LINES

Seizing stuff - Very small, used for fancier jobs that marline can accomplish. Ratline stuff - Dark brown and coarse, it is primarily used for snaking - nettings used to prevent personnel from washing overboard.

Tattletale - Small, natural line spaced into

a synthetic fiber line to provide an

indication of the working load placed on

the line.

Small Stuff

Small Stuff

Tattletale (cont’d) - the tattletale for a three-strand, twisted nylon line consists of a 40-inch natural fiber line spliced between two points 30 inches apart. The tattletale become taut when the line is stretched 33% or more.

Marlinespike Seamanship Terms

Hawser - Heavy line over five inches in circumference. Used for towing or mooring.

Bight - A loop of line or chain.

Bitter End - Free end of a length of line, wirechain or cable.

Eye - Closed loop in the end of a line.

Marlinspike - Tapered steel tool used in splicing wire.


Fid - Tapered wood tool used in splicing lines.

Coil - Lay down a line in circular turns on top of one another.


Flemish: Coil a line flat on deck

Fake down: Lay out a line in long, flat bights.

Heaving line: Light weighted line thrown across to a pier or ship when coming alongside to act as a messenger.


Monkey fist - Knot at the end of a heaving line to provide weight.

Rat-tailed Stopper - Line designed to take thestrain of a working line while shifting the line about bitts or cleats.

Mousing - Light line across a hook to preventa sling from slipping off or a pin from backing out.


Shot line - Light nylon line used in a line throwing gun

Bolo - Nylon line with a lead weight in canvasor leather, thrown from ship to ship or from a ship to a pier.

Review Questions

1. What type of line are lines 1 and 6?

2. What type of motion is controlled by lines 2 and 4?

3. What is the difference between spring lines and breast lines?

4. What are the three types of chocks?

5. What does chaffing gear prevent?

Review Questions

6. What is marlinspike seamanship?

7. What is rope?

8. What is line?

9. How are fiber and wire rope measured differently?

Review Questions

10. What advantage does synthetic line have over natural? What are the disadvantages?

11. What is the purpose of a splice?

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Lesson 2 Deck Equipment And Marlinspike Seamanship