Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
Citation preview
UTTIPEC
Transit Oriented DevelopmentA Methodology for Delhi
NCR
NCT
Corridor
District
UTTIPEC
CONTEXT FOR T.O.D.
WESTERN CONTEXT• SOLUTION TO SRAWL• REDUCTION OF CONSUMTION OF RESOURCES• IMPROVING AIR QAULITY• PROVIDING EQUITY IN URBAN AREAS• REPAIRING SOCIAL SYSTEMS BY CREATING HEALTHY
NEIGHBORHOODS
UTTIPEC
CONTEXT FOR T.O.D.
DELHI CONTEXT• IMPROVING ACCESS TO PUBLIC TRANSIT• REDUCE USE OF AUTOMOBILE• PROVIDING ACCESSIBILITY INFRASTRUCTURE FOR MAJORITY
OF RESIDENTS• INCREASE PERCEPTION OF EQUITYEQUITY• FACILITATE MORE DEMOCRATIC DEVELOPMENTDEMOCRATIC DEVELOPMENT
UTTIPEC
Transit Oriented Development (TOD):
• Make Rapid Public Transit (RPT) RAPID and FREQUENT.
• Provide safe, quick, easy interchanges between modes & good paratransit.
• Make Public Transport cheaper/ affordable.
• Design public realm for pedestrians, cyclists and public transit users.
• Make car-use difficult (car-pool priority lanes, congestion pricing, expensive parking & licenses, etc.)
Transit System Design:
Public Realm Design:
• Make it accessible to maximum people; Live work and play destinations near stations
• Eliminate private transport use as feeder service; provide efficient Feeder Services.
Landuse-TransportCoordination:
1 2 3
UTTIPEC
In accordance with the changing transportation scenario in India over the last two decades, there has been a change in the policies at, both, national level and in Delhi.
a) National Urban Transport Policy – 2006, recommends:
i. Integrated land use and transport policy
ii. Priority to the use of public transport & non-motorized
vehicles
b) Master-plan for Delhi – 2021, proposes:i. MPD 2021 has given a thrust on redevelopment and
redensification of existing urban areas and city improvement.
It calls for a comprehensive redevelopment strategy for
accommodating a large population, and strengthening of
infrastructure facilities.
Current Policies:
Think Macro (= Vision) Then Act Micro (= Implementation)
First, we need to….
NCR
NCT
Corridor
District
UTTIPEC
Step 1. TOD : Visioning & Goal Setting
Planners with high level GIS expertise
Transportation modelers
Urban Economic Strategists
Urban designers (with knowledge of form based codes)
Environmental Engineers
Planners with local and international policy knowledge.
Architects
Graphic Designers
UTTIPEC
ExternalConsultants
ExternalConsultants
a) A Strategic Plan + “Implementation Body” for Delhi:
TOD Vision & Strategic Plan
Implementation Body
MPD-2021Framework
UTTIPEC
UTTIPEC
Vision for a “World Class” Delhi
• Safe• Clean with usable ‘green’ areas
• Well Connected & Walkable
• Accessible Affordable Housing
• Civic Pride
• Democratic & Transparent
UTTIPEC
Critical Goals of Delhi are directly related to its Urban Design & Planning:
UTTIPEC
Step 2. Coordinating Landuse & Transportation
Transportation modelers
Urban Economic Strategists
Planners with high level GIS expertise
Planners with local and international policy knowledge.
Urban designers
Hydrology and Water Engineers
Environmental Engineers
Architects
Graphic Designers
UTTIPEC
Current Disjointed and Uncoordinated Planning
TRANPORTATION TRANPORTATION + LANDUSE+ LANDUSE + INFRASTRUCTURE+ INFRASTRUCTUREMUST BE MUST BE designed and implemented together designed and implemented together –– complimenting each other.complimenting each other.
Otherwise they will ALL FAILOtherwise they will ALL FAIL……..
Why are these planned SeparatelySeparately ?
Integrated Modeling & Planning
MultimodalTransport Plan
LanduseTOD overlay
Infrastructure Investments SCENARIO A
Land ConsumptionTransport Network
Development Pattern
SCENARIO B
SCENARIO C
Infrastructure Cost
Jobs & Housing Profile
Equity Consequences
INPUTS ALTERNATIVES OUTPUTS
Population and Employment Projection,
DELHI 2021 Combined Transportation & Landuse Modeling
Combined Transportation & Landuse Modeling
VMT
Transport Emissions
Landuse Data: DDA MPD 2021
DIMTS/ RITES
MCD; PWD; NDMC
UTTIPEC
Develop Scenarios Multimodal Rapid Transit Plan….
UTTIPEC
Develop Scenarios for Landuse allocation Zones….
RITES have developed 4 scenarios besides modeling MPD2021RITES have developed 4 scenarios besides modeling MPD2021
UTTIPEC
NO COORDINATION exists between Planned Landuses and Transportation Corridors!The current DDA 2021 Plan:
Rail/ Metro
BRTInterchange
7 min walk
Auto-Oriented City Transit-Oriented CitySHIFT
UTTIPEC
Transit NodeTransit Node
Express Express Bus RouteBus Route
Maximum people Live, Work & PlayMaximum people Live, Work & Playwithin 5within 5--min walk of min walk of RAPID TRANSITRAPID TRANSIT StationsStations
High Density Mixed Use within 5-min walk of stations…
Reason for success of BRT in Curitiba:
UTTIPEC
The Transportation - Landuse Pyramid (Curitiba):
Make Transit accessible within 5-min walk…
Reason for success of BRT in Curitiba:
UTTIPEC
DelhiDelhiDelhi
• Maximum People can Live & Work & Play - within 5-minute Walk from Transit Stations• Reverse Commutes will ensure transit use 24x7.
High Density Mixed Use within 5-min walk of stations…
Segregated Uses, Random density Mixed Uses, Transit-Density Pyramid
CuritibaCuritibaCuritiba
UTTIPEC
Integrated Transportation and Landuse Plan
Portland 2040Portland 2040
Map Source: Portland 2040
Step 3. Public Process & TOD Typologies
Urban designers (with knowledge of form based codes)
Urban Economic Strategists
Planners with local + international policy knowledge.
Architects
Environmental Engineers
Planners with high level GIS expertise
Graphic Designers
UTTIPEC
Step1: Market study and documentation of areas within 5 min walk and 5-min bike ride from the stations.Step 2: Development Codes
Delhi Development Masterplan with 7-minute walk from Metro overlaid.
Example: TOD Typologies developed for Denver TOD Strategy Plan
Landuse Mixes and Density Distribution Strategy:- Develop TOD Typologies
ONE SIZE DOES NOT FIT ALL!ONE SIZE DOES NOT FIT ALL!
Reverse
Comm
ute
UTTIPEC
Feeder Transit is the ‘key’ to success of Rapid Transit
Rapid Transit
FeedersDIMMTS
Free Maps Rapid Transit
Develop more Feeder Transit
UTTIPEC
The Process for the Plan The Process for the Plan
SUMMARIZE NEIGHBORHOOD
PLANS
STATION AREA
CONCEPTS
DRAFT STAION AREA LAND USE PLAN &
ZONING
Station Area PlanLand Use Scenario
Implementation
Zoning changes
Circulation
Open Space
• Education Session • Public Charrettes • Affordable Housing Targets• Draft plan review by UTTIPEC• Final Review by UTTIPEC
Source: PB PlaceMakingSource: PB PlaceMaking
Public Participation Process
UTTIPEC
Landuse Mixes and Density Distribution Strategy:- Create a Urban Design “Specific” Plans for each Station Area
Station Area Specific Plans must be in keeping with the broader vision and overall strategic plan for the corridor and the city.
Example: TOD Typologies developed for Denver TOD Strategy Plan
Step 4. Development Codes
Urban designers (with knowledge of form based codes)
Urban Economic Strategists
Planners with local + international policy knowledge.
Architects
Environmental Engineers
Graphic Designers
UTTIPEC
Landuse Mixes and Density Distribution Strategy:
- Create TOD Guidelines
•Phase 1:•Capital Metro’s 40 acre Parking Site near Lakeline Station.
•Phase 2:•Establishing the Street Network and Station serving Retail.
Phase 3:• High density Mixed-use development with walkable blocks.
Create desired character sketches
Source: vmwp.comSource: vmwp.com
Develop a “Form-based” Zoning Code
… which provides Control of Public Realm, but allows flexibility of landuses.
Source: Wikipedia
Bio-swalesStreets for Trains, Buses, Pedestrians, cars and storm
water drainage!
Built-to-edge Buildings for Safety & Comfort and human scale.
“Form-based” Code: Control of Public Streets
Source: Arup
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Form-based_codes
“Form-based” Code: Control of Public interfacesS
Building Entries/ windows on Sidewalk (eyes on the street -provides safety for pedestrians)
Remove Setbacks,Require Entries on sidewalks
Regulate Maximum Block Widths,
Minimum Frontages
Design Street Guidelines for pedestrians, not cars!
Streets for Trains, Buses, cars and Pedestrians.
Built-to-edge Buildings for Safety & Comfort.
Sidewalks, Bio-swales
Smaller blocks, interconnected streets create shorter travel routes for pedestrians.
Multimodal, pedestrian-oriented.
8080--100M max.
100M max.
8080--100M max.
100M max.
Critical Zoning Laws to be changed:S
Step 5. Implementation and Monitoring
Urban designers (with knowledge of form based codes)
Urban Economic Strategists
Planners with local + international policy knowledge.
Environmental Engineers
Transportation Engineers
Graphic Designers
a) A Strategic Plan + “Implementation Body” for Delhi:
IMPLEMENTED EXAMPLE:
The Transit Oriented Development (TOD) Strategic Plan for DENVER is a guide for prioritizing the planning and implementation activities of the City and County of Denver related to transit planning and transit-oriented development. City Council, Planning Board, departmental management, staff, and others will use it to:
• Set priorities for where City resources should be directed in the short, mid and long-terms;
• Identify effective implementation tools, policies and strategies to facilitate transit oriented development where appropriate; and
• Ensure close coordination among City departments, staff and others as they undertake planning and implementation activities related to transit and transit-oriented development.
(Reconnecting America) - for City of Denver
http://www.denvergov.org/TOD/TODStrategicPlan/tabid/395267/Default.aspx
ExternalConsultants
ExternalConsultants
b) Mechanism - Private Investment for Public Benefit:
Private Investment
Private Investment
IncentivesIncentives BonusesBonuses
TaxesTaxes RequisitesRequisitesUpgradation of slums and/ or provisions for low-income communities.
Upgradation of slums and/ or provisions for low-income communities.
Designated Open Space Provision and Maintenance.Designated Open Space Provision and Maintenance.
Provision of schools and civic facilities.Provision of schools and civic facilities.
Maintenance of public realm.Maintenance of public realm.
UTTIPEC
TOD ‘Test Sites’ for implementation:
• Greenfield TOD sites• Infill TOD sites• Redevelopment TOD sites
DwarkaDwarka
Moscow: Infill Corridor
Test Site: Dwarka Corridor/Dwarka Sector 21
Current State
UTTIPEC
Thank you
