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Introduces SCADA as the fundamental control systems for critical infrastructure
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Introdocing Scada, 2013 Slide 1
Introducing SCADA
Introdocing Scada, 2013 Slide 2
Recap• As I discussed in previous video, individual
elements of an infrastructure are controlled by PLCs which drive the actuators associated with these elements.
• May also include Remote Terminal Units (RTUs) to collect information from sensors
• These are connected to SCADA system, which is the central control system for the PLC and RTU network
Introdocing Scada, 2013 Slide 3
SCADA
• SCADA – Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition
• SCADA is the name for a class of industrial control systems
Introdocing Scada, 2013 Slide 4
Why is SCADA important• SCADA systems are the control
systems of our critical infrastructure that are responsible for coordinating the control and management of critical infrastructure elements
• They are essential for its correct and safe operation
Introdocing Scada, 2013 Slide 5
Why is SCADA important?
• Failures or damage to a central SCADA control system can disable critical infrastructure across a wide geographic area
– Incorrect control signals can cause equipment to malfunction
– Lack of control signals may mean that equipment automatically shuts down for safety reasons
Introdocing Scada, 2013 Slide 6
What is SCADA?• An architectural pattern for industrial control systems with
many components that are often distributed over a wide area
– Programmable logic units control infrastructure components
– Data acquisition by remote terminal or remote telemetry units (RTUs)
– Data sent to control centre, running the SCADA system
– Control Centre monitors the system, displays system status and issues commands
• Originally based on standard industrial communication protocols NOT Internet protocols
Introdocing Scada, 2013 Slide 7
SCADA application areas• SCADA control systems are available from
various manufacturers for different types of equipment
– Electric power generation, transmission and distribution
– Water and sewage
– Buildings, facilities and environments
– Manufacturing
– Mass transit
– Traffic signals
Introdocing Scada, 2013 Slide 8
Introdocing Scada, 2013 Slide 9
Introdocing Scada, 2013 Slide 10
Introdocing Scada, 2013 Slide 11
Introdocing Scada, 2013 Slide 12
SCADA generations• 1st generation (1970s). Co-located control
– Controlled units were on the same site as the controlling computer with hard-wired connections between them
– No network so no potential for external attack. Very limited chance of insider attack because operation by teams rather than individuals
Introdocing Scada, 2013 Slide 13
SCADA generations
• 2nd generation (1980s/90s) Distributed control– SCADA systems networked with
devices using special-purpose protocols
– No external network connection
– Vulnerable to insider attacks because of distributed sites
Introdocing Scada, 2013 Slide 14
SCADA generations• 3rd generation (2000s). Networked
systems– SCADA systems no longer isolated but connected to external networks
– External connection through computers (particularly PCs) that are directly connected to the Internet
– May also interface with other Internet-connected systems such as manufacturing control systems
– More use of standard protocols such as TCP/IP for communications
– Remote system monitoring and upgrades from providers requires network connection
Introdocing Scada, 2013 Slide 15
SCADA functionality• A SCADA system performs four
key functions:– Data acquisition from PLCs and
RTUs
– Unit control
– Networked data communications with PLCs and other systems
– Data presentation for system operation
Introdocing Scada, 2013 Slide 16
Introdocing Scada, 2013 Slide 17
Image credit: http://electrical-engineering-portal.com/scada-as-heart-of-distribution-management-system
A SCADA system controlling an electricitydistribution network
Introdocing Scada, 2013 Slide 18
Summary• SCADA systems are the control systems
for our critical infrastructure
• Maintaining their reliability and security is essential for infrastructure dependability and resilience
• I’ll talk about SCADA security in the next video