Ingles aula 7

CURSOS ON-LINE – INGLÊS – PROF. CARLOS AUGUSTO

www.pontodosconcursos.com.br

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AULA 7 WARM UP FOR THE MOCK TEST

Pre-testing Vocabulary No quadro seguinte você encontra transparent words associadas a outras não tão evidentes. Faça o skimming do texto e, sem dicionário, traduza-as.

A B 1. manufacturing company 2. personal care 3. a new campaign 4. new brand logo 5. an integral part 6. the company’s packaging 7. different icons 8. consumer benefits 9. competitive advantage 10. the company’s future policy

Text 1: Unilever’s brand new identity The UK based global foods and home and personal care products manufacturing company recently announced the launch of a new mission entitled ‘Vitality’ as the base of its future policy. Central to the new direction are a Mission 5 Statement and logo. The new Mission reads, “Unilever’s mission is to add vitality to life. We meet the everyday needs for nutrition, hygiene, and personal care with brands that help people feel good, look good and get more out of life.” 10 Although the new brand logo forms an integral part of Unilever’s new campaign, which was officially launched in May, it did not appear on the company’s packaging until 1 July. The new logo tells the story of Unilever and vitality. It brings together 25 different icons representing Unilever and its brands, the idea of vitality and the benefits we bring to consumers and the world 15 we operate in. “Our mission is full of promise for the future, opening up exciting opportunities where we have competitive advantage for developing our business and our new logo will help us confidently identify ourselves in every aspect of our business,” explained Antony Burgmans and Niall Fitzgerald, the Chairmen 20 of Unilever worldwide. (From Britain Brasil magazine, p.7, July /August 2004)



CURSOS ON LINE Prof. Carlos Augusto -2- Faça o intensive reading do texto 1 antes de responder as questões abaixo que bem poderiam estar no mock text (=teste simulado) ao final do curso. Procure aplicar todas as técnicas já estudadas. No final desta aula dou as respostas. Good Luck! READING COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS Choose the best option: 1. According to the author, two items are central to the company’s future policy a) add vitality to life and personal care. b) help people feel good and nutrition. c) a mission statement and a new logo. d) a vital mission and consumer benefits. e) promise for the future and hygiene. 2. ‘Although’ (L-10) at the beginning of the third paragraph indicates a) concession and could be replaced by though. b) result and could be replaced by therefore. c) purpose and could be replaced by thus d) addition and could be replaced by furthermore. e) comparison and could be substituted by likewise. 3.The Chairmen of Unilever, in their statement, expressed a) concern about consumers’ acceptance of the company’s policy. b) renewed promised for the company’s clients. c) doubts about the acceptance of the new logo. d) optimism about the future of the company. e) confidence in the company’s icons. 4. In the text, the word that is a synonym of ‘declaration’ is a) policy. b) brands. c) logo. d) launch. e) statement. 5. In the 3rd paragraph the pronoun ‘it’ (L-12) refers to a) new campaign. b) company’s packaging. c) the brand logo. d) an integral part. e) different icon.



CURSOS ON LINE Prof. Carlos Augusto -3- Se você tivesse que fazer a busca das palavras transparentes, das palavras com formação prefixal e sufixal das collocations e tudo o mais que vimos estudando você as encontraria no texto a seguir. Mas, gostaria que first and foremost você fizesse o vocabulary pre-test.

A B 1. take a strong pride in a. ( ) sua população crescente 2. standing witness to b. ( ) até onde a vista alcança 3. one truck stop c. ( ) novos pólos econômicos 4. with a banner saying d. ( ) alguma vegetação rasteira 5. patches of stunted growth e. ( ) os produtores indicam 6. as far as the eyes can see f. ( ) a moderna cidade se gaba 7. its growing population g. ( ) tem um grande orgulho de 8. new economic hubs. h. ( ) são o testemunho de 9. producers point out as i. ( ) parada de caminhões 10. the modern town boasts j. ( ) com uma faixa dizendo

Text 2: Primavera do Leste Most towns or cities in Brazil usually take a strong pride in their historic past and have at least a few old buildings or monuments standing witness to earlier days. But in Primavera do Leste, a booming agribusiness town 230 kilometers east of Mato Grosso’s state capital, Cuiabá, the oldest historic landmark you will find is a common filling station and truck stop with a banner 5 saying: “Where it all began”. Where a few years ago there was virtually nothing but dust-covered savanna and patches of stunted growth, thousands of acres of soy and cotton fields now spread out as far as the eye can see, earning millions of dollars on world markets and turning the still small city into one of Brazil’s latest new 10 economic hubs. Regional roads and telecommunications, however, are two aspects local entrepreneurs and producers point out as very precarious, forming obstacles to further growth seriously affecting production and marketing costs. Founded only 17 years ago, everything in Primavera, as it is usually referred to, is new - from its modern architecture to its growing population. 15 Only the very young can proudly say they were born here. Valentim Martignano, one of the district’s oldest pioneers arrived here from Paraná state some 22 years ago, “All I saw was a gas station, a general store six houses and a lot of dust,” he recalls. Today the modern town boasts 50,000 inhabitants, and projections by the Brazilian institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) are of 20 a population of 100,000 in five years’ time. (From UPDATE, by William Vanvolsen, p.24, May/2003, American Chamber of Commerce publication)



CURSOS ON LINE Prof. Carlos Augusto -4-

EXPLOITATION OF TEXT 2 1. Retire do texto 3 exemplos com verbos no past simple ___________________________________________________________________________ 2. Retire do texto 3 exemplos com verbos no present simple ___________________________________________________________________________ 3. Retire do texto 1 exemplo com verbo no future simple ___________________________________________________________________________ 4. Retire do texto locuções (collocations) formadas por adjective + noun ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ 5. Retire do texto locuções (collocations) formadas por noun + noun ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ 6. O que a palavra ‘however’ (L-11) está indicando mo discourse marker? ___________________________________________________________________________ 7. De que outra forma se pode escrever o seguinte fragmento do texto: ‘Founded only 17 years ago ...” (L- 14) ___________________________________________________________________________ 8. Como você traduz o seguinte fragmento: earning millions of dollars on world markets (L-9/10) ___________________________________________________________________________ Say whether each statement is (T) true or (F) false: a) ‘Most towns’ (L-1) corresponds to The majority of towns … ( ) b) “ …a few old buildings” (L-2) corresponds to Not many buildings ( ) c) “…virtually nothing but dust-covered savanna…” (L-7) A palavra ‘but’ no fragmento pode ser substituída por except sem prejuízo do sentido. ( ) d) “…turning the still small city into one of Brazil’s…” (L-10) No fragmento a palavra still pode ser substituída por ‘yet’. ( ) e) ‘All I saw was a gas station’ (L-18) Neste fragmento do texto poderíamos inserir a palavra ‘that’ antes do sujeito sem prejuízo do sentido ( )




AFFIXES ENSEMBLE From text 2: “… aspects local entrepreneurs and producers point out as very precarious” (L-12). A palavra in bold significa ‘empresários’. Se quiséssemos falar de capacidade empresarial diríamos entrepreneurial skill usando o adjetivo. Existe também o substantivo entrepreneurship para indicar o que é próprio da atividade empresarial. I - Forme uma palavra derivada por formação prefixal ou sufixal conforme o caso: 1. Tendo-se ‘understanding’, como você forma ‘mal-entendido’ com a

adição de um prefixo? _________________________________

2. Tendo-se ‘superior’, como você forma ‘superioridade’ com a adição de um

sufixo? _________________________________

3. Tendo-se ‘aggressive’, como você forma ‘agressividade’ com a adição de

um sufixo? _________________________________

4. Tendo-se ‘brother’, como você forma ‘fraternidade’ com a adição de um

sufixo? _________________________________

5. Tendo-se ‘child’, como você forma ‘infantil ’ com a adição de um sufixo?

_________________________________ II – Usando cada um dos prefixos que formam antônimos preencha as frases

abaixo:

IL- UN- IN- IR- IM- NON- 1. That was one of the minister’s most ____ fortunate comments during the

press conference. 2. The Pope was already ill and that was one of his _____ frequent visits to

the little town. 3. Nobody can base his decision on those ____ precise data. 4. Most of us took part in the ____ violent demonstration. 5. I’m sorry but I can’t read what you wrote here. It’s ____ legible. 6. You need to study ____ regular verbs, too.




CONFUSABLE WORDS From text 2: “… turning the still small city into one of Brazil’s latest new economic hubs.” (L-10/11) Economic x Economical a) Economic (adj.) = relacionado com a ciência econômica. The economic measures adopted by finance minister Antonio Palocci were correct. As medidas econômicas adotadas pelo ministro da fazenda Antonio Palocci pelo foram corretas. b) Economical (adj.) = tem a ver com economizar, ser econômico. His wife is more economical than mine. A esposa dele é mais econômica do que a minha. Further x Farther Ambas as palavras são formas comparativas de do adjetivo ‘far’. Normalmente usadas da seguinte forma. a) farther (adj) = relacionado com a distância. She lives farther north. It will take us a few more minutes to ge there. Ela mora mais ao norte. Vai demorar uns minutos mais para chegar lá. b) further (adj) = significando ‘adicional’ No further questions, Your Honor. Sem mais perguntas, meritíssimo. My boss told us he needs further details before he can make a decision. O chefe falou que precisa de detalhes adicionais para tomar uma decisão.



CURSOS ON LINE Prof. Carlos Augusto -7- Founded x Funded x Found a) Found (r.v) (founded, founded) (=fundar) Primavera do Leste was founded some years ago. Primavera do Leste foi fundada há alguns anos. This tradition dates back to the Founding Fathers’ days. Esta tradição data da época dos fundadores da Nação. b) fund (r.v) (funded, funded) (= financiar, prover com verbas , recursos) As far as I know it was the MIT which funded the research do Prof. Harris. Até onde eu sei foi o MIT que financiou a pesquisa do Prof. Harris. c) find (i.v) ( found, found) (= achar) I had lost my pen but I have found it already. Eu havia perdido minha caneta mas já a achei. Amount x number A grande diferença no uso dessas duas palavras nos remete para o conceito de palavras contáveis e não contáveis em inglês. Do mesmo modo que você aprendeu que dever dizer many books, many computers, many classes.... e much coffee, much sugar, much money etc a) amount (use diante de palavras não contáveis) The amount of money in circulation will increase. O montante de dinheiro em circulação diminuirá. b) number (use diante de palavras contáveis) The number of students applying for scholarships has doubled since last year. O número de alunos requerendo bolsas de estudo dobrou desde o ano passado.




WORD FORMS: SUPERLATIVES The suffix –EST formador dos superlativos em inglês é o mais importante a ser estudado aqui. From text 2: “the oldest historic landmark you will find is a common filling station” (L-4/5) O mais antigo marco que você encontrará e um simples posto de gasolina “Brazil’s latest new economic hubs.” (L- em um dos mais recentes novos polos economicos do Brasil “Valentim Martignano, one of the district’s oldest pioneers (L-17/18) Valentim Martignano, um dos mais velhos pioneiros da região 1. O sufixo ‘est’ é usado para formar o superlativo de adjetivos ‘curtos’

easy (the) easiest o / a+ fácil clean (the) cleanest o / a+ limpo/a hot (the) hottest o / a+ quente old (the ) oldest o / a+ velho/a

2. Com adjetivos ‘longos’ usa-se the most / the least + adj. para formar o

superlativo.

the most / least difficult o / a mais (menos) difícil the most / least complicated o / a mais (menos) complicado the most / least economical o /a mais (menos) econômico

3. Some irregular superlatives (Alguns superlativos irregulares)

good the best o /a melhor bad the worst o/ a pior little the least o/ a menos much(many) the most o/a mais



CURSOS ON LINE Prof. Carlos Augusto -9- From text2: “…in Primavera do Leste, a booming agribusiness town.” (L-3) em Primavera do Leste uma cidade agro-industrial em explosivo crescimento No texto o autor usou palavras como ‘booming’ e ‘growing’ para indicar que Primavera do Leste é uma cidade em crescimento. Vamos estudar os muitos verbos usados em inglês para indicar RISE & FALL (dos lucros, do volume de vendas, dos índices, das cotações de ações)

Consulte seu dicionário e classifique os verbos do quadro conforme os critérios abaixo:

advance be firm be strong be weak dip drop drift plummet ease jump leap slip plunge rocket sink slump tumble rally rebound recover revive

Meaning ‘rise’: ________________________________________________ Meaning ‘fall’: __________________________________________________ Meaning ‘to rise after falling’: _____________________________________ Remember: rise and fall are irregular verbs: rise (rose, risen; fall (fell, fallen) Distinguish between fall (fell, fallen)[=cair], and feel (felt, felt) [=sentir] As well as the verb rise, English also has the verbs raise and arise. Rise is an irregular intransitive verb: rise (rose, risen) Things can rise, but you cannot rise something Raise is a regular, transitive verb; raise - raised - raised. People raise things. Raise has lots of meanings, including to collect capital We are helping them to raise funds for a charitable institution. to bring up children I was born in Pará, but raised in Rio de Janeiro. Arise is an irregular, intransitive verb: arise - arose - arisen. It means to happen or occur or to come into existence. For example: Problems arose soon after the new chairman took office. Adapted from Financial English, Rise & Fall, by Ian Mackenzie, p.71, LTP




PERFECT MODALS Vamos revisar os principais perfect modal auxiliaries all together. Estude os mini-diálogos a seguir e escreva o que estão indicando os modais in bold: (S1 =stands for speaker one / S2 stands for speaker two)

- I - S1: “I painted the door of my garage all by myself.” S2: “I could have helped you.” ________________________________________________________________

-II- S1: “Jill failed to pass her exam.” S2: “She should have studied harder.” ________________________________________________________________

-III- S1: “Debby’s room lights are out.” S2: “She must have gone to sleep already. ________________________________________________________________

-IV- S1: “Have you seen ‘Diamonds are Forever”?” S2: “If it’s a 007 movie, I must have seen it” ________________________________________________________________

-V- S1: “Did it rain last night?” S2: “It may have rained.” ________________________________________________________________

-VI- S1: “Has Janet called yet?” S2: “Not yet. I’m afraid we will have left for Canada when she does. ________________________________________________________________




LIGHTEN UP! WHAT DOES YOUR DADDY DO? It was the first day of school and the teacher thought she’d get to know the kids by asking them their names and what their fathers did for a living The first little girl said, “My name is Mary and my daddy is a postman.” The next little boy said, “I’m Andy and my Dad is a mechanic.” It was then little Johnny’s turn and he said “My name is Johnny and my father is a striptease dancer in a cabaret for gay men.” The teacher gasped and quickly moved on, but later, in the school yard, the teacher approaches Johnny privately and asks if it was really true that his Dad dances nude in a gay bar. Little Johnny blushed and said, “Nah, he’s actually an auditor for Arthur Andersen but I was just too embarrassed to say.” (e-mail sent by a former student)

VOCABULARY BUILD UP

Some words have been removed from the minitexts that follow. Complete them with the words from the box paying attention to the meaning and structure of the texts.

Mini text: International trade

primary exchange share outsourcing finance boundaries political throughout

International trade is the __________ (1) of goods and services across international ____________ (2). In most countries, it represents a significant ____________ (3) of GDP. While international trade has been present ____________ (4) much of history, its economic, social, and ___________ (5) importance have been on the rise in recent centuries. Industrialization, advanced transportation, globalization, multinational corporations, and ___________ (6) are all having a major impact. Increasing international trade is the usually ____________ (7) meaning of "globalization". International trade is also a branch of economics, which, together with international ___________ (8), forms the larger branch of international economics. (From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.




VOCABULARY BUILD UP COMMERCIAL BANKS Complete the text with each of the words on the right. Commercial banks are designed to make a ................. (1) for their ................. (2). They receive money in the form of ............... (3), savings or repayments from the public, they lend it at interest to ................. (4). Profit is made primarily from ............... (5). Obviously, banks do not keep most of the money they receive; indeed, a bank will have on hand only enough to pay those ................... (6) who want to withdraw their money on a given day. A modern bank usually needs no more than 2% of its money in ................ (7) Yet law requires this same bank to deposit a sixth or seventh of its ................. (8) in non-earning funds with the Federal Reserve Bank in its district. To insure additional protection against a “run” in which ...................... (9) would exceed deposits, most banks buy government ........................ (10) called notes or certificates. These are short-term notes of from 90 days to one year. Reasons for owning bonds, whether short or long-term, are : a) they can be converted to cash quickly, thus providing ...............……... (11), b) they provide an ...................…… (12), and they are a hedge against the changing value of .................... (13) . If a bank really needs only a 2 percent reserve, why then does the Federal Reserve System require 15 or 20 percent reserve? The main purpose is not for ………….. (14) of the deposits but to control the .............……. (15) of money member banks can create. (Excerpt from “An Outline of American Economy”, ps.85/86, USIA, 1986)

a.- borrowers b.- profit c.- stockholders d.- deposits e.- interest _____________ f.- cash g.- customers h.- bonds i.- withdrawals j.- resources ______________ k.- assets l.- amount m.- liquidity n.- income o.- safety




VOCABULARY BUILD UP MONETARY AND FISCAL POLICY Eight words have been removed from the passage above. Choose the options that best complete it. We have seen that through its monetary policies government can try to control money to __________ (1) inflation, fight depressions, and provide full __________. (2). By trying to control the amount of money in circulation, the government influences the __________ (3) of investment, savings, and expenditures that takes place in the economy. However, as part of its fiscal policy, the government can, if it so chooses, also expand or __________ (4) its own expenditures. It can build or __________ (5) from building highways, military aircraft, schools, or a hundred other things for which it spends money. Because the government spends between 20 percent and 25 percent of the total Gross National Product __________ (6) goods and services (excluding transfer payments), this spending or restraint will have a major effect on the condition of the economy. When the government increases its level of spending, without __________ (7) taxes, it is pumping more money into the economy. During sluggish periods, this process can serve to __________ (8) up the economy, cause new investment, and create jobs. On the other hand, too much stimulus can aggravate inflation. (From An Outline of American Economy, p 92, USIA) 1. a) curb b) balance c) project d) cut 2. a) employed b) employees c) employers d) employment 3. a) number b) slice c) amount d) mixture 4. a) detract b) subtract c) contract d) retract 5. a) refrain b) retain c) contain d) maintain 6. a) at b) for c) in d) on 7. a) risen b) raising c) rising d) raised 8. a) heat b) heighten c) hotter d) hurry




A LOOK AT PAST EXAMS ESAF / AFTN-98 Read the text below in order to answer questions 1 to 3. Tax Audits Although only about one out of every 100 individual tax returns will be audited in 1998, the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) is very good at selecting returns for audit that will yield additional taxes. Nevertheless, if your return is selected, it does not necessarily mean you will incur any additional tax liability. If you do not agree with the examiner’s report, you can meet with the examiner’s supervisor to discuss your case further. If you still do not agree, you have the right to appeal the findings through a separate Appeals Office. You can also appeal to the U.S. Tax Court. 1. The author states that the examiner’s report might be a) dishonest. b) unofficial. c) questioned. d) irrevocable. e) ambiguous. 2. According to the text, when you meet the examiner’s supervisor a) the two of you must reach a final agreement. b) you wish to discuss the examiner’s liability. c) you have already accepted the examiner’s report. d) additional taxes are charged. e) you intend to discuss the examiner’s report in more detail. 3. The text implies that a) Audits rarely result in additional charges. b) Additional taxes may be charged. c) Additional taxes must not be adopted. d) Audits are an unnecessary practice. e) Audits will soon be abolished.




ANSWERS Vocabulary Pre-Test Text 1 1. indústria, companhia manufatureira // 2. cuidado pessoal // 3. uma nova campanha // 4. a nova logomarca // 5. uma parte integrante // 6. a embalagem dos produtos da companhia // 7. os diferentes ícones // 8. os benefícios ao consumidor // 9. uma vantagem competitiva // 10. a política futura da companhia. Warm Up For The Mock Test 1. B // 2. A // 3. D // 4. E // 5. C Vocabulary Pre-Test Text 2 a. 7 // b. 6 // c. 8 // d. 5 // e. 9 // f. 10 // g. 1 // h. 2 // i. 3 // j. 4 Exploiting Text 2 Past simple: was (L-7), began (L-6), arrived (L-17), saw (L-18) Present simple: take (L-1), spread out (L-9), point out (L-12), recalls (L-19), boasts (L-19). Future simple: will find (L-5) Collocations Adj +noun : historic past, booming agribusiness town, common filling station, stunted growth, dust-covered savanna, small city, growing population, local entrepreneur, modern architecture, … noun + noun: cotton fields, world markets, gas station, truck stop paraphrasing: Primavera do Leste was founded 17 years ago … translation: earning millions of dollars in world markets ( =- rendendo, gerando milhões de dólares nos mercaados mundiais) True or False? a. (T) // b. (T) // c. (T) // d. (F) // e. (T) Rise & Fall Meaning ‘rise’: advance, be firm, be strong, jump, leap, rocket Meaning ‘fall’: be weak, dip, drift, drop, ease, plummet, plunge, sink, slip,

slump, tumble Meaning ‘to rise after falling’: rally, rebound, recover, revive



CURSOS ON LINE Prof. Carlos Augusto -16- Vocabulary build up: mini- text 1. exchange // 2. boundaries // 3. share // 4. throughout // 5. political // 6. outsourcing // 7. primary // 8. finance Commercial Banks 1. B // 2. C // 3. D // 4. A // 5. C // 6. G // 7. F // 8. J // 9. I // 10. H // 11. M // 12. N // 13. K // 14. O // 15. L MONETARY AND FISCAL POLICY 1. a // 2. d // 3. c // 4. c // 5. a // 6. d // 7. b // 8. a Perfect Modals

- I - S1: “I painted the door of my garage all by myself.” S2: “I could have helped you.” (it indicates a possibility that existed in the past: “Had you asked me I could have helped you”)

-II- S1: “Jill failed to pass her exam.” S2: “She should have studied harder.” (it was her obligation, she was supposed to study, but she didn’t.) Note: Ought to have studied might have been used in the above example.

-III- S1: “Debby’s room lights are out.” S2: “She must have gone to sleep already. (that is the most logical conclusion you draw)

-IV- S1: “Have you seen ‘Diamonds are Forever”?” S2: “If it’s a 007 movie, I must have seen it” (S2 most probably is a James Bond fan and has seen all his movies.)

-V- S1: “Did it rain last night?” S2: “It may have rained.” (it indicates a past possibility; “might have rained” would show a remoter possibility)

-VI- S1: “Has Janet called yet?” S2: “Not yet. I’m afraid we will have left for Canada when she does.

[future perfect tense (by the time she calls they won’t be there to answer the phone.)]



CURSOS ON LINE Prof. Carlos Augusto -17- Affixes Ensemble I - 1. misunderstanding // 2. superiority // 3. aggressiveness // 4. brotherhood // 5.

childish II - 1. UNfortunate // 2. INfrequent // 3. IMprecise // 4. NON-violent // 5. ILlegible

// 6. IRregular A LOOK AT PAST EXAMS ESAF / AFTN-98 1. C // 2. E // 3. B Vocabulary Post-test (Tax Audits)

A B 1. Internal Revenue Service a. ( ) produzir tributos adicionais 2. selecting returns for audit b. ( ) recorrer dos cálculos através 3. yield additional taxes c. ( ) um outro Conselho de Recursos 4. incur any additional tax liability d. ( ) alguma vegetação rasteira 5. to appeal the findings through e. ( ) ser obrigado a novos impostos 6. a separate Appeals Office f. ( ) escolher declarações p/ auditar



CURSOS ON LINE Prof. Carlos Augusto -18- AULA 7 Avalie se os seguintes objetivos desta aula foram alcançados.

TÓPICOS & OBJETIVOS Raise your awareness of: Despertar sua conscientização para: I – Warm up for the Mock Test Aquecimento para o teste simulado II – Reading Comprehension: Unilever’s text – Multiple-choice Compreensão de Leitura: Texto da Unilever – múltipla escolha III – Study of text 2: Primavera do Leste // True or False? Estudo do texto1: “Primavera do Leste ” /// Questõs de Falso / Verdadeiro IV - Word Forms – Suffix –EST / superlatives Formação de Palavras – sufixo –EST formador dos superlativos V - Confusable Words: Economic/ Economical // Further / farther

// founded / funded / found // amount / number Palavras que confundem: economic /economical // further / farther // founded /

funded / found // amount / number VI - Perfect Modals // Task Os verbos modais perfeitos // Exercício VII - ‘Rise’ and ‘Fall’ verbs Os verbos que indicam subida e queda. VIII– Lighten up! An anecdote Relaxe! Uma anedota IX – Vocabulary Build-up: Specialized vocabulary: International

Trade / Commercial Banks // Monetary and Fiscal Policy Construção de Vocabulário: Vocabulário técnico: Comércio Internacional //

Bancos Comerciais // Política Monetária e Fiscal X– Analysis of past exams: ESAF / AFTN -98- Tax Audits Análise de provas anteriores: ESAF / AFTN -98- Auditorias / Ações fiscais



Business

Ingles aula 7