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Drug Free WorkplaceEmployee Training

Havar Inc.

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Drug Free WorkplaceCourse Outline

Drug Free Workplace (DFWP) basic components Identify commonly abused drugs and recognize street

names Describe impact of substance abuse on the workplace Define types of alcohol use Distinguish between substance use, abuse, and

dependence Discuss “Enabling” Recognizing indicators of possible substance abuse Substance Usage Testing Accuracy of drug tests Treatment options Resources Enhancing your DFWP

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Drug Free Workplace Five Basic Components

1. Written Substance Abuse Policy2. Employee Education Awareness3. Supervisor/Manager Training4. Drug and Alcohol Testing5. Employee Assistance Program (EAP)

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Most Commonly Abused Drugs

Cannabinoids Phencyclidine Opioids and

Morphine Derivatives

Cocaine Amphetamines Methamphetamines

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Cannabinoids

Marijuana Dope, blunt, ganja, grass, joints,

pot, reefer, weed Swallowed or smoked

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Cannabinoids

Euphoria, slowed thinking and reaction time, confusion, impaired balance and coordination, anxiety, increased heart rate, tolerance.

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Phencyclidine

PCP and Analogs Angel dust, boat, hog, love boat,

peace pill Injected, swallowed, or smoked

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Phencyclidine

Panic, aggression, violence, loss of appetite, depression, decrease in blood pressure and heart rate

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Opioids and Morphine Derivatives

Codeine, heroin, morphine, opium Empirin with codeine, Fiorinal with

codeine, Tylenol with codeine, Cody, schoolboy, fours and doors, brown sugar, horse smack, monkey, white stuff, laudanum, paregoric

Injected, swallowed, smoked, snorted

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Opioids and Morphine Derivatives

Pain relief, euphoria, nausea, depression, confusion, constipation, sedation, coma

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Cocaine

Blow, bump, C, candy, coke, crack, Charlie, flake, rock, snow, toot

Injected, smoked, snorted

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Cocaine

Feelings of exhilaration, energy, increased blood pressure and heart rate, temperature, decreased appetite, chest pain, seizures, headaches, heart failure

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Amphetamines

Adderall, Dexedrine, bennies, black beauties, crosses, hearts, speed, truck drivers, uppers

Injected, swallowed, smoked, snorted

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Amphetamines Energy, increased mental

alertness, decreased appetite, increased breathing, blood pressure, heart rate

Hallucinations, tremors, anxiety, restlessness, paranoia, impulsive behavior, aggression

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Methamphetamine

Desoxyn, chalk, crank, crystal, fire, glass, go, ice, meth, speed

Injected, swallowed, smoked, or snorted

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Methamphetamine

Aggression, violence, psychotic behavior, memory loss, and other symptoms similar to amphetamines

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Impact of the Substance-Abusing Employee on the Workforce

Four times more likely to be hospitalized for injury than non-abusers.

When injured on the job, off work longer than non-abusers and have higher claims.

Have higher absenteeism rates, accidents, poor performance, and turnover.

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Impact of Substance Usage on the Workforce

Between 20-40% of all substance abusers are admitted at some time to the hospital because of complications of their usage.

Up to 40% of industrial fatalities and 47% of industrial injuries can be linked to alcohol and alcoholism.

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Impact on the Work Environment

Work Outcome Drug User

Non-Drug User

Work for more then 3 employers in 1 year

9.3% 4.3%

Skipped 1 or more days a month

12.9% 5.0%

Voluntarily quit in the past year

24.8% 15.4%

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Impact on the Work Environment

Work Outcome

Heavy Alcohol

User

Non-Heavy

Alcohol User

Work for more then 3 employers in 1 year

8.0% 4.4%

Skipped 1 or more days a month

11.3% 5.1%

Voluntarily quit in the past year

19.7% 15.8%

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Definitions for Alcohol Drinking

Safe drinking Low risk drinking Hazardous / Heavy

drinking Harmful drinking Binge drinking

National Health & Medical Research Council

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Recommendations forResponsible Drinking

Guidelines for men and women Refrain from Binge drinking Two alcohol-free days per week Pregnant women – abstain Do not drive, operate machinery, or

undertake activities in hazardous conditions and drink

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Heavy Drinkers vs. Light Drinkers

In a study of 6,549 employees at 16 worksites, it was found that:

“Light alcohol users accounted for more workplace problems overall because there were more of them.”

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Total Economic Loss

Lost productivity in the workforce because of substance usage costs companies $82 billion+ per year and is growing.

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Substance Abusers’ Impact On the Work Environment

Non-abusers report lower morale and poorer communications because of the presence of substance users.

Abusers are more involved in workplace violence then non-abusers.

Abusers are implicated more in workplace theft.

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Do Drug Free Work Programs Work? Ask the Employee!

• Non-users and users were asked if their company provided substance abuse information. 75.2% of non-users

said yes. 62.1% of users said

yes.

• Non-users and users were asked if their company had a written policy about substance use. 70.6% of non-users

said yes. 57.2% said yes.

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Do Drug Free Work Programs Work?

• Non-users and users were asked if their company provided an Employee Assistance Program

51.1% of non-users said yes34.5% of users said yes

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Case Study: Mid-Size Company

Chamberlain Contractors of Maryland with 75 employees implemented a substance abuse program.

The program cost $7,600 per year. Estimated savings are in excess of $120,000 in fewer accidents and lower claims and insurance premiums

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Case Study: Large Company

With the Employee Assistance Program (EAP) at McDonnell Douglas, they estimated saving $5.1 million due to fewer missed days, lower turnover, and lower medical claims.

Gillette Company initiated an EAP and found that in-patient substance abuse treatment costs decreased 75%.

Estimated that for every $1 invested in DFWP, saw a $3-$6 ROI.

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Many substance abusers cannot see the impact their usage has on their lives and performance. Why?

Substance usage impairs learning, memory recording & retrieval, mental sharpness, and motor skills during and long after usage and has an addiction/disease component.

Substance usage acts as a “chemically induced learning disability” that can have lasting effects and permanent changes in the brain. An impaired brain is impaired in self-evaluation ability.

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Addiction

The irresistible compulsion to use alcohol and other drugs despite adverse consequences

Characterized by repeated failures to control use, increased tolerance, and increased disruption in the family

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Use

Limited controlled consumption of a drug (in terms of frequency and quantity)

No significant toxic, adverse physical, or psychological consequences to the user

Experimentation

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Abuse

A level of use that typically leads to adverse consequences (physical or psychological)

Not necessarily associated with any particular frequency but is associated with use in quantities that result in sometoxicity to the user

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Dependence

Significant physical and psychological consequences

Three C’s:– Loss of Control– Compulsive pattern of use– Continued use despite negativeConsequences

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Enabling at Work

“Doing or saying things that are

intended to help a drug user but instead result in

hurting the person.”

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Signs of Enabling

Making excuses Not following policy Covering up Picking up the slack Feeling responsible or guilty

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Signs of Enabling

Defending from the supervisor or not reporting someone.

Avoiding constructive criticism. Getting angry with someone for

not performing, feeling guilty, then coming to their assistance.

Denying this type of person would have a drug problem.

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On the Job Indicators of

Addiction – Early Phase

Disease Progression

o Uses to relieve tensiono Tolerance increaseso Memory blackoutso Lies about use

Impact

⇓ To 90% efficiency⇓ Criticism from boss⇓ To 75% efficiency

Visible Signs

o Job performanceo Attendanceo General behavior

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On the Job Indicators of

Addiction – Middle Phase

Disease Progressiono Sneaks useo Guilty about use o Tremorso Loss of interest in activities

Impacto Loss of job advancemento Warnings from bosso Family problemso Financial problems

Visible Signso Job performance sufferso Increased absenteeismo Behavioral changes

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On the Job Indicators of

Addiction – Late Middle Phase

Disease Progressiono Avoids discussiono Fails to control o Neglects foodo Isolates self

Impacto Disciplinary

actiono Trouble with lawo Only 30% efficiento Serious family problems

Visible Signso Works below expectationso Poor attendanceo Aggressive behavioro Domestic problems o Loss of ethical values

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On the Job Indicators of

Addiction – Late Phase

Disease Progression

o Believes that other

activities interfere with useo Blames people, places, and things for problems

Impacto Final warning

at work o Terminationo Serious financial problems

Visible Signso Formal

disciplinary actiono Prolonged absenceso Use on jobo Physical deterioration

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Identifying Suspicious Behavior

Changes in mood

Physical behavior

Verbal behavior

Physical appearance

Workplace patterns

Onset can be sudden or gradual

Frequency

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Substance Usage Testing

Pre-employment and new hire Reasonable suspicion Post accident Random Follow-up

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Accuracy of Drug Tests

Chain of Custody Initial Screen Confirmation Test Medical Review Officer (MRO)

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Treatment Options

Outpatient Treatment Intensive Outpatient Treatment Detoxification Hospitalization Residential Treatment Self Help Groups

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National Resources and Hotlines

The Center for Substance AbuseTreatment’s Drug Information, Treatment and Referral1-800-662-HELP www.samhsa.gov

NarAnon (310) 547-5800www.na.org

Tough Love 1-800-333-1069www.toughloveparenting.com

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National Resources and Hotlines

Families Anonymous 1-800-736-9805

Alcoholics Anonymouswww.alcoholics-anonymous.org

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Enhancing Drug Free Workplace

Monitor the “drinking & drugging climate” of your workplace and change it if needed.

Be proactive in addressing troubled employees.

Focus on a “team approach” to prevent workplace substance abuse.