Part of the BRE Trust

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“A straight forward approach” to Energy Management and Building Controls

Name of Presenter: Dr. Andy LewryDate: November 2016

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Building Research Establishment

A world leading centre of expertise for the construction industry providing:

» Research» Consultancy» Information services

to customers worldwide

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Corporate and Management Structure

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Our Staff…

– Over 650 staff

– Over 400 professionally qualified

– Many national and international experts

– An integrated team of professionals

…people at the heart of our business

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BRE’s experience in Energy Efficiency

– 40 years experience since 1970’s oil crisis– 100 professionals working on all aspects of EE in construction– Developed UK Government’s Best Practice programme– Represent UK on concerted action– Demonstration projects and testing on-site– European and international standard work– Modelling team producing UK Govnt software– Rolled out experiences to several other countries – currently

working in the Balkans rolling out the recast EBPD in Albania, Croatia, Serbia, FYI Macedonia, Kosovo and BiH - Federation.

– EcoShopping project in Hungary – Training and CPD courses– Certification schemes to accredit professionals

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Today’s agenda– Why manage energy?– The performance gap– Management requirements– Why controls– Control systems available– The specification of controls and control systems– Building Energy Management Systems – Functionality – must be linked to a servicing strategy– Understanding your needs as an end user– “10” key issues to address– The process– Next steps

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Why managed Energy?

– Security of supply– Rising costs– Wastage and good management practice– Green Credentials– Legislation

Business drivers

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Why managed Energy?

– 80% of the life costs of a building are Operational– Operational Energy related costs are up to:

– 40% of the life costs – 50% of the operational costs

– Need to manage this effectively– Controls are essential– Need a strategy - Demand based control is the most energy

efficient

Life costs of a building

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Performance gap &Designing for compliance

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• The inherent efficiency of the building (asset energy performance)

• Designing for compliance rather than for performance

• Occupancy patterns and required internal conditions

• Compliance gap

• Energy use by equipment and for process loads

• Compliance gap

• How the building is operated and managed• Performance gap

Four main aspects:

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Bridging the building performance gap

– Building operators need to understand both predicted and actual building energy use

– Buildings rarely perform as well as their designers predicted

– Energy consumption and costs can be as much as double what was expected– A recent Innovate UK report – up to 450%

– Difference has become known as the performance gap– Includes compliance gap but this is smaller - up to

100%

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• Measure • Monitoring &Targeting (M&T)

• Understand• Discovering the reasons – Energy Audits

• Be able to control• Building controls and Facilities management

To manage we must be able to:

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• Control of energy in non-domestic buildings has been recognised as poor

• Controls are one of the most effective solutions in realising energy savings

• A controls review and strategy should always be part of a refurbishment • Use EN 15232 as the methodology for estimating their effect• Indicative savings from offices are

54%

47%

34%

Baseline

Why controls?

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The specification of controls and control systems

Building regulations– Underpinned by the advice given in Approved Document L (ADL) or

Part L

– Standards laid out in the Non-Domestic Building Services Compliance Guide (NDBSCG) o Provides suggested minimum requirementso Controls package for each technology area and applicationo Proposed that controls meet the requirements of Class C of BS EN

15232:2012

Therefore, basic functionality required to operate a building but not necessarily in the most efficient manner.

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UK’s Enhanced Capital Allowance (ECA) scheme (1)– Tax break on investments in certain energy saving equipment

– The scheme is underpinned by the Energy Technology List (ETL) -https://etl.decc.gov.uk/etl/site.html

– Currently has criteria for:

o Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) controls (now Building Environment Zone Controls);

o Hot Water Systems Optimising controls (now Heating Management Controllers);

o Lighting controls; ando Variable Speed Drives (VSDs).

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UK’s Enhanced Capital Allowance (ECA) scheme ()Building Environment Zone Controls

– Has in-depth criteria– When all imposed represents good practice– Pre-programmed BEMs would qualify– Falls short of best practice because:o No Summer /winter change overo Requirement for 365 day programming, as defined in BS EN

15500 has been excluded – Probably Class B of BS EN 15232

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Best practice

Functionality – must be linked to a servicing strategyo For example Demand controlo Adapts the standard assumption on occupancy and follows actual

occupancy patterns o All building services can be controlled to meet peak loads and occupancy

levels – in normal operation these conditions rarely occur

– Typical occupancy patterns are provided in BS EN 15232o for a range of building typeso it defines classes of energy efficient controls which can obtain that degree

of control.

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– Stand-alone products – Use a fixed set of functions– Normally expandable, so size is not limited– If installed with sensors, fan speed inverters and dampers

they can perform functions such as Demand Control Ventilation (DCV) functions and realise significant savings

– Only suited to small installations – the complexity of many HVAC systems and the desire to

include several renewable technologies in the mix of primary plant makes use of fixed control functions very limited

Pre-programmed BEMs

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Building Energy Management Systems

– Programmable versus Pre-programmed BEMso Programmable controllers offer significant energy saving advantages over

pre-programmed controllers due to their greater flexibility – Programmable BEMs o Can perform a wide range of control strategies o Offer the ability to control all building systemso Have the ability to maximise the overall energy saving potentialo Give flexibility which ensures that as plant is changed / upgraded the

control system can be modified to suito Reduces the chance of the control system becoming redundant by a

change in usage or having a short lifetime. o Can be applied to all applications regardless of sizeo Programming has become easiero Costs are reducing

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– Understanding your business o Business’s objectives over the next 3 to 5 years?o First point in establishing a Servicing and Controls

Strategyo Understanding your building and estate o Sustainability and redundancy

o Integration

o Utilise what is already there

o More than one control?

o Look after it§ Continuous commissioning§ Planned maintenance

Understanding your needs as an end user

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– Specification breaking – procurement routes and “Value engineering”

– Occupancy patterns – schedules and density– Future proofing – flexibility and upgrades– Links to Monitoring and Targeting (M&T) – optimisation

systems– Verification/certification– Commissioning – initial set-up and an on-going process– Training– Maintenance requirements – planned upgrades– Management reporting– Additional functionality – critical services/alarms etc.

“10” key issues to address

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1. Understand what controls you already have

2. Determine your business needs

3. Determine the functionality required of the controls

4. Select an appropriate servicing strategy

5. Match these against a class of BS EN 15232

6. Ensure the chosen class has the required functionality

7. Produce a comprehensive specification

8. Ensure the “10” key issues are addressed

9. Engage an expert(s) at the stage where internal capabilities are exceeded; this is not something you can learn as you go along.

The process

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– Controls are a powerful toolo run buildings efficiently o provide the desired environment for the occupants

– With technology becoming cheaper and advancing more quickly, control systems need to be:

o Flexibleo upgradable o have the facility to easily communicate and integrate with other

systems

– Have a strategy and implement it

– Get expert help

– Involve those on the ground

Next steps

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This paper is available free on-line:http://www.theema.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/Building-Controls-Buyers-Guide-Final.pdf

This EMA Energy Manager’s guide is designed to give you some basic information and guidance on understanding the options and how to approach the procurement of building controls.

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Thank you for listening

Name of Presenter: Dr. Andy Lewry

lewrya@bre.co.uk

+44 (0)1923 66 4359 or +44 (0) 7774 161 685

Visit http://www.bre.co.uk/page.jsp?id=1790

Or join me on LinkedIn

https://uk.linkedin.com/in/andylewry