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PERSPECTIVE MANAGEMENT
Controlling AND TECHNIQUES OF
ControllingSubmitted to: Prof. Dr.Arjita jain
Submitted by:
Varsha Golekar 18Priyanka joshi 25Snehal kadu 27Swarada khaire 35Supriya Mhatre 46Priyanka shinde 60
MANAGEMENT
“Management is an art of knowing what to do, when to do and see that it is done in the best
and cheapest way”. - F.W. Taylor
According to Henry Fayol, “To manage is to forecast and plan, to organize, to command, & to control”.
EffectivenessEffectiveness
EfficiencyEfficiencyGetting workdone through
others
Getting workdone through
others
Collaboration
Team-driven
creativity
Bott
om
- U
p Control
Imposed
Stiffness
Top
- D
ow
n
Bottom- Up vs. Top- Down Management
Bottom-Up and top-down management often criticized for
Lack of clarity
Lack of Control
Bottom-Up top-down
MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS:
Planning
Organizing
Staffing
Leading
Controlling
Planning
Organizing
Staffing
Leading
Controlling
Making Things Happen
Meeting the Competition
Organizing People, Projects, and Processes
Making Things Happen
Meeting the Competition
Organizing People, Projects, and Processes
Classical Management Functions
Updated Management Functions
Planning, organizing, co-ordinating, staffing and directing are only preparatory steps for getting the work done; its only through the process of control that management is able to maintain the equilibrium between ends and means, output and effort.
PLANNIG AND CONTROLLING LINK
CONTROLLING
Controlling is one of the managerial functions
like planning, organizing , staffing and directing. It is
an important function because it helps to check the errors
and to take the corrective action so that deviation from
standards are minimized and stated goals of the
organization are achieved in desired manner.
It is the process of regulating organizational
activities so that actual performance conforms to expected
organizational standards and goals. Thus, controlling means
that managers develop appropriate standards compare
ongoing performance against those standards and take
steps to ensure that corrective actions are taken when
necessary.
IMPORTANCE OF CONTROL
Achievement of goals
Execution and revision of plans
Brings order and discipline
Facilities decentralization of authority
Promotion co-ordination
Cope with uncertainty and change
FEATURES OF CONTROL
Control is a positive force
Control is a positive force
It is a continuo
us process
It is forward looking
Delegation is the key to control
It is universal processIt is
dynamic process
It is goal-
oriented
It is based on planning
CONTROL PROCESS
Establish
standards
Measure
performance
Compare
performanceagainst standards
Maintain the
status quo
Correct the
deviation
Change
standards
Determine need
for correctiveaction
21 43
EXAMPLE….
CHARACTERISTICS OF EFFECTIVE CONTROL Suitable Simple Selective Sound and economical Flexible Forward Looking Reasonable Objective Responsibility for failures Acceptable
TYPES OF CONTROL
Critical or strategic point control:
Management by exception (MBE) benefits It saves time. It identifies critical problem areas. It stimulates communication. It reduces the frequency of decision making. It leads to concentration of effort on important things. It makes use of more knowledge and data. It is necessary in big organizations.
DIMENSIONS OF CONTROL
The kaizen umbrella includes all such terms aimed at improving labor- management relations, marketing practices, supplier relations, in-house systems and procedures.
Management-oriented kaizenGroup-oriented kaizen: Individual-oriented kaizen
KAIZEN
Effect: Long term and long lasting but not dramatic.
Pace: Small steps; built around existing facilities and technology.
Time frame : Continuous and incremental Involvement: An ongoing and never-ending
process that involves everyone in the organization.
Approach: Collectivism, group efforts and systems approach.
Needs: Needs very little investments but huge efforts to keep it going.
Orientation : People-oriented and cross-functional approach
Feedback: Comprehensive feedback offered to all at regular intervals.
FEATURES :
5-S movem
entSeiri
seiton
seiso
seiketsu
Shitsuke
A budget is a financial plan and a list of all planned expenses and revenues. It is a plan for saving, borrowing and spending
BUDGET CONTROLS is methodical control of an organization’s operations through establishment of standards and target regarding income expenditure, and a continuous monitoring and adjustment of performance against them.
BUDGET CONTROLS
BUDGET DEVELOPMENT METHODS
1• TOP DOWN
BUDGETING
2• BOTTOM-UP
BUDGETING
3• ZERO- BASED
BUDGETING
4• FLEXIBLE
BUDGETING
5• BUDGET BASESD
ON PERIOD
6• PERFORMANCE
BUDGETING
PERT is a scheduling tool that is essentially a network of project activities showing estimates of time necessary to complete each activity and the sequential relationship of activities that must be followed to complete a project.
CPM shows the sequence of events and activities within a programme evaluation and review technique network that requires the longest period of time to complete.
PERT & CPM (NETWORK TECHNIQUES)
Tasks which must be carried out Where parallel activity can be carried out The shortest time in which a project can be
completed Resources needed to achieve a project The sequence of activities, scheduling, and
timings involved Task priorities
CRITICAL PATH ANALYSIS IS AN EFFECTIVE AND POWERFUL METHOD OF ASSESSING:
MIS (management information system)
Integrated technique for gathering
relevant information from whatever source it
originates and transferring it into usable
form for the decision-makers in
management.
1] Management information systems
involve three primary resources: technology,
information, and people.
It is three pronged service
It Minimizes information overload
It Facilitates planning
MIS Encourages Decentralization
It brings Co ordination, It makes
control easier
JUST IN TIME(JIT)Just in time (JIT) is the goal being
pursued by a good number of
progressive companies which want
to bring in high degree of efficiency
in the domain of supply chain
management?
The aim of this approach is to
maintain zero or minimum level of
inventory in an organization by
synchronizing the supply of
assemblies and equipment from the
suppliers with their demand in the
To achieve that JIT employs
following techniques
• Standardization of processes.
• Total productive maintenance.
• Kanban
TQM ( TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT)
Integrative philosophy of management for continuously improving the quality of products and processes.
TQM functions on the premise that the quality of products and processes is the responsibility of everyone who is involved with the creation or consumption of the products or services offered by an organization. In other words, TQM capitalizes on the involvement of management, workforce, suppliers, and even customers, in order to meet or exceed customer expectations
CONCLUSION
Here, we have importance and advantages of control process and controlling techniques to
the organization. An organization can follow these kinds of control process techniques for the
betterment of company as well as employees and also to increase the productivity by utilizing
maximum resources with the minimum cost.