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ROYAL NETHERLANDS MILITARY ACADEMY
Comparing OODA and Other Models as Operational View C2 Architecture
Tim Grant * & Bas Kooter *** Royal Netherlands Military Academy
** MultiNeeds [email protected]
Tim Grant * & Bas Kooter *** Royal Netherlands Military Academy
** MultiNeeds [email protected]
13-16 Jun 05 Grant: Comparing OODA & Other Models 2
Outline
IntroductionBoyd’s (1996) OODAOODA as Operational ViewComparison with other modelsOODA’s shortcomingsRe-engineering OODAFurther work
IntroductionBoyd’s (1996) OODAOODA as Operational ViewComparison with other modelsOODA’s shortcomingsRe-engineering OODAFurther work
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Introduction
Authors:Tim Grant: Professor, Operational ICTBas Kooter: Independent consultant
Royal Netherlands Military Academy:Faculty of Military Science, MOD (NL)
Faculty’s research themes:Optimising operational resourcesFuture warsIntelligent support for decision-makingTechnology-induced transformationPartnershipsAvailability
Authors:Tim Grant: Professor, Operational ICTBas Kooter: Independent consultant
Royal Netherlands Military Academy:Faculty of Military Science, MOD (NL)
Faculty’s research themes:Optimising operational resourcesFuture warsIntelligent support for decision-makingTechnology-induced transformationPartnershipsAvailability
“Beyond SA: closing OODA loop”“Beyond SA: closing OODA loop”
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Boyd’s (1996) OODA model
FeedForward
Observations Decision(Hypothesis)
Action(Test)
CulturalTraditions
GeneticHeritage
NewInformation Previous
Experience
Analyses &Synthesis
FeedForward
FeedForward
ImplicitGuidance& Control
ImplicitGuidance& Control
UnfoldingInteraction
WithEnvironment
UnfoldingInteraction
WithEnvironment Feedback
Feedback
OutsideInformation
UnfoldingCircumstances
ObserveObserve OrientOrient DecideDecide ActAct
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OODA as Operational View
OODAOODA
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Comparisons (1)
OODA compared with:Wohl’s (1981) SHOR modelRasmussen (1983) three-level modelMayk & Rubin’s (1988) review of 15 modelsKlein’s (1998) RPDM modelEndsley’s (2000) SA modelDemming’s (1951) Plan-Do-Check-Act
OODA compared with:Wohl’s (1981) SHOR modelRasmussen (1983) three-level modelMayk & Rubin’s (1988) review of 15 modelsKlein’s (1998) RPDM modelEndsley’s (2000) SA modelDemming’s (1951) Plan-Do-Check-Act
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Comparisons (2)
√√√?√√√Peer review?Peer review?
?√√√Interaction?Interaction?
√Learning?Learning?
√ (4)(3)(2)√√ (1)Planning?Planning?
√Tempo?Tempo?
√√√√Detailed?Detailed?
√√√√√√√Control loop?Control loop?
PDCAPDCASASARPDMRPDMMaykMaykRasmussenRasmussenSHORSHOROODAOODA
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OODA’s shortcomings
Neither detailed nor formalisedNo guarantee of scalabilityOther agents not modelled explicitlyCompetitive interactions onlyLacks psychological validity:No domain state or world modelNo concept of attention or memoryLacks deliberative planning processLacks learning process
Neither detailed nor formalisedNo guarantee of scalabilityOther agents not modelled explicitlyCompetitive interactions onlyLacks psychological validity:No domain state or world modelNo concept of attention or memoryLacks deliberative planning processLacks learning process
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Re-engineering OODA (1)
Re-engineering process:Define requirements:
“Rational reconstruction” of OODAApply use-casesFormalise using SADT:
-> Operational View architectureObject-oriented analysis using UML:
-> Systems View architectureImplement in Java, C# or Smalltalk:
For verification of Operational ViewReal-time performance NOT optimised
Re-engineering process:Define requirements:
“Rational reconstruction” of OODAApply use-casesFormalise using SADT:
-> Operational View architectureObject-oriented analysis using UML:
-> Systems View architectureImplement in Java, C# or Smalltalk:
For verification of Operational ViewReal-time performance NOT optimised
√√√√
√√
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Re-engineering OODA (2)
AgentSet Filter
Prototypes
Actuators
Sensors
Observing
Acting
Expected Situation
Situation not recognised
Retrieve alternative COA
Expectations
Actions
Plans
Observation
Env
ironm
ent
Selected Plan
Signal
Assessors
Planners
Decisionmakers
Sensemakers
New/modified Prototype
Control of planning
Prototypes
Observedprototypes
Control of Sensemaking
Goals
Deciding
Unexpected situation
Orienting
Existing prototypes
Acceptedgoal
Goals
Effects achieved
COAs
Construct COA
Sensemaking
Planning
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Further work
UML analysis (in progress)Implement & test demonstratorIncorporate lessons learned in:Operational View architectureSystems View architecturePublish further papers:Rational reconstruction (submitted)Validation against 9/11 timelinePlanning niche
UML analysis (in progress)Implement & test demonstratorIncorporate lessons learned in:Operational View architectureSystems View architecturePublish further papers:Rational reconstruction (submitted)Validation against 9/11 timelinePlanning niche
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Any questions?Any questions?
