China low-temperature wind turbine design and application

China low-temperature wind turbine design and its application

- Qiying Zhang Guodian United Power China

- Professor He Dexin, CWEA

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China low-temperature wind turbine design and its application

• Status of Wind Power Development

• Cold Climate in China

• Technical solutions , effect and problems

• Further actions

2

Status of Wind Power Development

- In order to cope with climate change and reduce GHG emissions, the - In order to cope with climate change and reduce GHG emissions, the Chinese government put forward the strategic objective that “Non-fossil energy will represent 15% of the energy by 2020.”

-The government also has the target to reduce carbon emissions “40% to 45% by 2020 per GDP compared to the level of 2005.”

-To achieve the goals, Chinese government began implementing “The

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-To achieve the goals, Chinese government began implementing “The Renewable Energy Law “ in 2005

By 2010, the newly installed capacity is 18.9 GW. The total installed


By 2010, the newly installed capacity is 18.9 GW. The total installedcapacity is 44.7GW. China has ranked on top in the world.

By the end of 2011, the installed capacity is above 60GW. The newlygrid-connected wind power in 2011 is 15.85GW and accumulatedamount is 47GW.

4

200%

40000

50000


50%

100%

150%

10000

20000

30000

40000

5

0%02001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Newly Installed Capacity 42 66 98 197 507 1288 3311 6154 13803 18928

Total Installed Capacity 381 448 546 743 1250 2537 5848 12002 25805 44733

Increasing Rate of NIC -46% 59% 48% 100% 158% 154% 157% 86% 124% 37%

Increasing Rate of TIC 12% 17% 22% 36% 68% 103% 131% 105% 115% 73%


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2010 Annual Installed Market Share by Capacity


United Power

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Multi-MW wind turbines


Sinovel 6MW Guodian United Power 6MW Goldwind 2.5MW

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At present, the main WEC type is 1.5-3MW，some 6MW machines has

been produced for prototype, and the even bigger wind turbine is under

development.

Sinovel 6MW Guodian United Power 6MW Goldwind 2.5MW


Unit

: Yu

an R

MB

/kW

Pre

ssure

fro

m P

rice

9

Trend of WEC Price

Pre

ssure

fro

m P

rice

The ground test platform of WEC components


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WEC should support the grid!

11Source: China Electric Power Research Institute

Low voltage ride-through (LVRT)

0.4

0.5

0.6


Basic Research(973 and 863 Program)

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

2 4 6 8 10 12 14

Tip speed ratio

Cp

FVM

CFD

EXP

“Aerodynamics Basic Research for Large Scale WEC”

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4mX3m wind tunnel

8mX6m/12 mX16m wind tunnel

Φ3.2m wind tunnel

Numerical simulation

Cold Climate in China

Most area of North China is Cold Climate for wind turbine!

13http://www.cma.gov.cn/tqyb/v2/product/product2011.php http://news.86516.com/tupian/h005/h77/577481.shtml


At the same time, some of these areas is also Hot Climate for wind turbine!

14From: China Meteorological Administration


There are also sandstorms in these area every year!

15From: China Meteorological Administration


Wind Turbines will be installed the area from the sea level from 0 to 4,000 meters!

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The environment of the wind parks is normally the

Technical solutions effect and problems

The environment of the wind parks is normally the combination of the above mentioned two factors or even more!

Not only Cold Climate…, but...

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North West China

- Cold Climate + Hot Climate + Sandstorm


10

20

30

40

50

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Tem

per

ature

°° °°C

ALaShankou(North West China) Temperature 1957-2011

- Cold Climate + Hot Climate + Sandstorm

- air density is 1.401kg/m^3 in winter, and 1.088 kg/m^3 in summer

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-40

-30

-20

-10

0

10

Tem

per

ature

average high temperature average low temperature

extreme high temperature extreme low temperature

North China

- Cold Climate + Sandstorm


0

10

20

30

40

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Tem

per

ature

°° °°C

HuiTengXiLe(North China) Temperature 1957-2008

- Cold Climate + Sandstorm

- air density is 1.102kg/m^3 in winter, and 0.902kg/m^3 in summer

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-40

-30

-20

-10

0

Tem

per

ature



North East China

- Cold Climate


01020304050

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Tem

per

ature

°° °°C

HaiLaEr(North East China) Temperature 1957-2008

- Cold Climate

- air density is 1.349kg/m^3 in winter, and 1.065kg/m^3 in summer

20

-60-50-40-30-20-10

0

Tem

per

ature



The environment of the wind parks is normally the combination of the above mentioned two factors or even


combination of the above mentioned two factors or even more!

The design of wind turbine suitable for all of these areas is a great challenge for the manufacturer in China.

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Cost &

Quality

Cold Climate

Technical solutionseffect and problems

Cost &

Quality

Hot Climate

Sandstorm

Plateau climate

Platform Strategy

Sam

e structu

re desig

n

Differen

t Material

Differen

t Config

uratio

n

Differen

t Contro

l

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Sam

e structu

re desig

n

Differen

t Material

Differen

t Config

uratio

n

Differen

t Contro

l

Loads

- Winter and Summer – big difference


wind parkaltitude

(m)low

temperatureair density

winterhigh

temperatureair densitysummer

density difference

NorthWest China

A La Shankou

300 -30°C 1.401 40°C 1.088 129%

North ChinaHui

TengXiLe2100 -26°C 1.102 30°C 0.902 122%

North East China

Hai LaEr 612 -30°C 1.349 35°C 1.065 127%

- Winter and Summer – big difference

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East China

In China the cold area is in high altitude region, this compensate somewhat the increase of air density because of low

temperature. But it is not always the case! Capability to design blade is very important!

Material

- deep cooperation wind suppliers


Component Hub Main FrameBearingHousing

Normal Climate QT400-18AL Q345D QT400-18AL

Cold ClimateQT400-18AL(impact test Q345E

QT400-18AL(impact test

- deep cooperation wind suppliers

- deep cooperation with certification body

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Cold Climate (impact test 12J at -40°C)

Q345E (impact test 12J at -40°C)

Components


- All the components must be cold climate

- Cold climate test at the suppliers

- Gearbox cold climate start up test,

generator cold climate test

- Control System, Pitch System…

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Integrated Development is the solution, because 50% “know-how” is at supplier!

Cooling System

- standard wind turbine



be afraid of hot in summer and afraid of cold

in winter.

- High altitude => low air density => lower

cooling capacity => larger air cooler or limit the power

- Sandstorm => Sealing of the Nacelle Cover => Filter System

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altitude dependent specificcooling capacity

0m 2.2 kW/K800m 2.0 kW/K2000m 1.6 kW/K

Heating System- standard wind turbine



be afraid of hot in summer and afraid of cold in winter.

- EFFICIENT COLD START UP

=> distributed heating equipments

oil sump heating, heating jackets or hoses,

winding heating

=> Supporting fan heating

commissioning and maintenance(important)

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commissioning and maintenance(important)

=> good nacelle cover thermal isolation

The time for Cold Start Up has big influence on productivity, so that it is a important parameter for Customer Satisfaction

Sensors


- ICE Detecting Sensor- ICE Detecting Sensor

- Cold Climate Wind Speed Sensor and Wind Direction

Sensor

- Redundancy for wind Speed Sensor

- Plastic or Metal

- DEEP cooperation with supplier

(Technology, Cost and Quality)

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(Technology, Cost and Quality)

Working Sensors is the precondition for load assumptions!

ICE


- Expensive Task- Expensive Task

- Experience

new blade has less ice than old one

=> smooth?

=> clean?

=> maintained?

- Ideas and Reality

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solutions, some patents, less industrial use


Effect and problems

- newly installed wind turbines shows good availability- newly installed wind turbines shows good availability

- cooling system works also well in summer

- cold start up works well, but time is relative long => productivity

- duty blade or sandstorm => ice on the blade

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Effect and problems


- far from residential area => bad maintenance condition

- cost pressure / technology => active de-ice system is not widely used

=> productivity

- far from residential area => bad maintenance condition

- far from consumer => relative weak grid => grid connection

=> more cold start up

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Further Action

The Optimization should go further!

- intelligent Control (big air density difference, cold climate and hot climate)- better maintenance- cheaper de-ice system- all kinds of measurement- cooling system for hub because of also hot climate - …- …

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- …

Further Action

Ice Rain: Cold Climate in Normal Climate

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Thank you for your attention!

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China low-temperature wind turbine design and application