Business Communication skills

.,

Communication

Skills

Introduction

“Everybody communicates one way or another, but

few managers deliver their messages as well as they

can.”

“Good communication is the life blood of organizations”

“Good communicators make better managers”

Communication, Business & You

• Good communication enables organizations to function effectively.

• Manager’s role is to make and carry out decisions by collecting facts, analyzing them and transmitting directions to lower-level-employees.

• Ask yourself what information your co-workers and supervisors need from you and figure out how to supply it.

Components of Communication

Communication is thinking process translated intomessages. Components of good communication are

1. Context2. Encoding3. Message4. Chanel5. Decoding6. Feedback

• Context• Context involves things such as your

relationship with your audience, the culture of your organization and your general environment.

• Encoding• Encoding is the process of taking your message

and transferring it into the proper format for sharing it with your audience. It requires knowing your audience and ensuring that your message provides all of the information that they need.

• Message

• The source of the message is the sender. The sender must know why the communication is necessary and what result is needed.

• Chanel

• The Channel is the method of communication that you choose such as face-to-face, by telephone, or via email.

• Decoding

• Decoding is the process of receiving the message accurately and requires that your audience has the means to understand the information you are sharing.

• Feedback

• Feedback lets you gauge how successful you were at communicating. It also offers a chance to adjust your communication process for the future.

Internal Communication Network - Formal Communication Channels

Downward Information Flow• Managers direct and control the activities of

lower-level employees by sending messages down through formal channels.

Upward Information Flow• Messages directed upwards to provide

managers with the information they need to make intelligent decisions.

Horizontal Information Flow• Official channels also permit messages to flow

from department to department.

Internal Communication Network - Informal Communication Channels

• The grapevine is an important source of information in most of the organizations.

• The informal communication network carries information along the organization’s unofficial lines of activity and power.

External Communication Network – Formal Contacts With Outsiders

Formal Contacts With Outsiders

• Links the organization with the outside world of customers, suppliers, competitors and investors.

• Marketing and Public Relations departments are responsible for managing much of organization’s formal communication with oursiders.

Characteristics of Effective Business Communication

• Fostering an open communication climate.• Committing to ethical communication.• Understanding the ethical difficulties involved in

intercultural communications.• Becoming proficient in communication

technology.• Using an audience centered approach to

communication.• Creating and processing messages efficiently.

Mediums of Communication

• Verbal face-to-face• Non Verbal face-to-face• Visual• Written • Silence• Gesture & body language***• Symbolic

SEVEN Cs OF EFFECTIVE COMUNICATION

• Completeness • Conciseness• Consideration• Concreteness • Clarity• Courtesy• Correctness

COMPLETENESS• Provide all necessary information.

• Answers all questions asked.

• Give something extra, when desirable.

CONCISENESS

• Eliminate wordy expressions.

• Include only relevant material.

• Avoid unnecessary repetition

Expressions - suitable substitutes

As per your instructionsAs instructed

Attached herewithAttached

By reason of the fact thatBecause

For the month of DecemberFor December

In compliance with your requestAs requested

Expressions-suitable substitutescontd.

In early courseSoon

In point of factIn fact

Should prove of interest to youShould interest you

This is to thank youThank you

Wish to suggestSuggest

CONSIDERATION

• Focus on “You” instead of “I” or “We”.

• Show audience benefit or interest in the receiver.

• Emphasize positive, pleasant facts

CONCRETENESS

• Use specific facts and figures.

• Put action in your verbs.

• Choose vivid, image building words.

CLARITY

• Choose precise, concrete and familiar words.

• Construct effective sentences and paragraphs.

COURTESY

• Be sincerely thoughtful, appreciative and tactful.

• Use expressions that show respect.

• Choose nondiscriminatory expressions.

CORRECTNESS

• Use the right level of language.

• Check accuracy of figures, facts and words.

• Maintain acceptable writing mechanics.

Organizational Communication

The two most important media of communication

in an organization are-

Formal communication. Informal communication.

Developing Intercultural Communication Skills

• Take responsibility for communication.• Withhold judgment.• Show respect.• Empathize.• Tolerate ambiguity.• Look beyond the superficial.• Be patient and persistent.• Recognize your own cultural biases.• Be flexible.• Emphasize common ground.• Send clear message.• Increase your cultural sensitivity.• Deal with the individual.• Learn when to direct.

Formal Communication

Formal communications are those which are

part of the recognised communication system

which is involved in the operation of the

organization.These communications may be-

Oral Written Downward Communication Upward Communication Horizontal Communication. External

Downward CommunicationIt is the transition of ideas from executives

to subordinates. Activities that follow

downward communications are –

Instructions Directions Orders

Clarifications Interpretations Rules

Policies Procedures Safety

Welfare Time schedules Change in schedules

Upward CommunicationThis includes• Personal contacts. By each member of the management.• Fact finding opinions and surveys.• Giving information to the management• Conferences & meetings• Shaping managing policies and practices• Suggestions and feedback

Stay Away From Words Like

Problem Authorized

UnauthorizedUnavailable

Delay Missed

Difficulty Fault

Specific Rules of Form and Style

1. Avoid the passive voice—Use the active voice-Who is doing what? The active voice in writing conveys more strength than the passive voice. It helps reinforce vigor and directness in your message.Wrong (passive)At the meeting on Friday, Karan Mathur will be honored by us.Right (active)We will honor Karan Mathur at Friday’s meeting.

2. Avoid relying too heavily on contractions- Most business documents, long or short, will look better if they keep contractions to a minimum. Consider spelling things out. Ask yourself: Does it sound better to use “it is” for “it’s,” “they are” for “they’re,” “I am” for “I’m,” and so on? As a general rule, incorporating non-contracted forms when you can do so will formalize and strengthen your sentence structure.

Specific Rules of Form and Style (contd)

3. Complete your thought- Do not use incomplete or run-on sentences. Most grammatically correct sentences will have a subject and a verb, especially in business writing. Use proper form and punctuation to define and complete your thought; separate it from other thoughts.Wrong:Happy to introduce our new Customer Service Manager, Karan Mathur. Starting on Monday! Karan will located in Room 702, you know, it is next to Kapil Kumar’s office. A big welcome for Karan.Right:I am pleased to introduce our new Customer Service Manager, Karan Mathur. Karan will begin work on Monday, April 1. She will be located in Room 702, right next to Kapil Kumar’s office. Please make her feel welcome. Always start a new paragraph whenever you have completed a string of related thoughts and are about to start a new string. Never lump everything together in one paragraph.

Specific Rules of Form and Style (contd)

4. Be clear about your subject- Watch those pronouns! Things can get very confusing for your reader if you talk about two or more subjects in your memo without making clear which is which. Pronouns must agree with their subject.

Example:

Smriti told Kapil to give Pooja Nair a report on the project specs. She would then follow up with him after he had met with her about it.

In the second sentence, the words “she” and “her” clearly refer to someone, but it’s hard to say whether that someone is Smriti, Pooja, or a combination of the two. Although your reader may guess correctly, you can avoid confusion by inserting the proper name in place of one or both of the pronouns in this sentence, or rewording it. Here’s how a corrected version might look:

Smriti told Kapil to give Pooja Nair a report on the project specs. Smriti would then follow up with him after he had met with Pooja.

Basic Rules For Writing Memos

1. Be brief-

The wordier you are, the less likely you are to hold your reader’s attention. Remember that details of whatever your memo covers can be discussed verbally or followed up in a later memo. Your main concern is to state your immediate purpose in writing as concisely as possible.


2. Get to the point at the beginning

It is important that your readers know upfront what your memo is about. Make sure your opening sentences back up the subject line of your memo. Then expand as necessary.

3. Keep it (relatively) formal

Always remember that you are writing a formal memo, not a note to a friend. Depending on the subject matter of the memo, it may be all right to use a “light touch”. Still, you should never inject clearly personal material, or use inappropriate or overbearing humor that others may misinterpret



4. Proofread before you send

Check for punctuation, grammar, and spelling; make sure you haven’t accidentally omitted any words; ensure that paragraphs are lined up; and look your memo over for general neatness and consistent formatting. Many words processing programs now feature easy-to-use spelling and grammar checks; these should be considered a supplement to, and not a replacement for, careful review and proofreading.


5. Be consistent

Formatting should not vary from one paragraph to the next. Be consistent in your use of tabs, indenting, highlighting text, and punctuation. Also take care that spellings, especially of proper names, are the same throughout the memo.


6. Use italic and bold for emphasis-

It is better not to use capital letters to emphasize a point. To make something important stand out from your memo, bold the relevant words. To stress the importance of a statement, put it into italic. Be careful, however, not to overuse italic or bolding, or else your memo will begin to look too busy (or strident).


7. Beware of redundancy

Repetition can make a memo uninteresting. Unless it is necessary for emphasis, avoid repeating what has already been said, as well as any redundancy. You may say office staff or office workers, but why office staff workers? And reconsider a formulation such as, “A new and innovative product.” Use either “new” or “innovative,” but not both. A rule of thumb: say it once and get on with the rest of the message.

Basic Rules For Writing Memos8. Avoid unnecessary or pretentious words

Brevity is a virtue, and one way to make your memo virtuous is to omit words that contribute nothing new. You should also think twice before using a fancy-sounding word when a short and simple one would do the job just as well.

“The question as to whether” = “Whether”

“Owing to the fact that” = “Since” or “Because”

“This most unique feature” = “This unique feature” (Something is either unique or isn’t!”


9. Capitalize names and titles

Make sure that proper names, company names, and appropriate titles and designations are capitalized.

Example:Ms. Sheetal, President of the Atlas Manufacturing Company, will visit the Customer Service department at 3:00 today.

10. Watch those plural nouns…and beware of misplaced apostrophes

This is one of the most common mistakes in either formal or informal writing. An “s” at the end of a noun makes that word plural. An apostrophe-s, on the other hand, denotes possession or a contraction. Always be aware of the difference. Watch out for the potentially tricky forms “its” and “it’s”. The latter is always a contraction (for “it is”), while the former indicates possession.Wrong:Its Tuesday, the day she does spot-check’s. I think the stores department is going to have it’s problems.Right:It’s Tuesday, the day she does spot-checks. I think the stores department is going to have its problems.


11. Use proper punctuation

If you don’t already know when and how to use commas, periods, colons, semi-colons, hyphens, dashes, slashes, apostrophes, parentheses, exclamation points, question marks, and quotation marks, track down a style manual and review the appropriate chapters closely! In particular, beware the excessive use of commas. Although the placement of commas is an inexact science, the easiest and most reliable rule of thumb is to read your sentence aloud and insert a comma only when there would be a natural pause.

Example:Please make sure the emergency exits are easy to reach, clearly marked, and unlocked at all times.Placing the comma after the word “unlocked” above would be an error


12. Use parentheses and quotation markscorrectly

In a sentence containing a parenthetical expression, place the punctuation outside of the parentheses (like this). (The exception to this is when the expression is wholly contained with the parentheses, as this sentence is.) Conversely, punctuation is generally placed inside quotation marks.

Example:The themes “Service”, “Quality”, and “Dependability” will form the heat of the president’s upcoming address (scheduled for July 16).


13. Write out numbers

When writing any number from one to ninety-nine, spell it out rather than putting it into numerical form. This idea does not include dates, addresses, or very long numbers, although whole numbers such as one hundred and one thousand should generally be spelled out. If several numbers are included in one sentence, be consistent in choosing the numeric or the spelled-out form. The same holds true for rankings (i.e., 1st or first, 10th or tenth, etc.)


14. Stick to one tense

It is bad form to mix your tenses within a single sentence.

Wrong:

If you wanted help, you should ask me.

Right:

If you wanted help, you should have asked me


When to send a Standard Written Communication

• When you want to attach new emphasis to a specific course of action that must be undertaken in near future.

• When you aim to highlight the necessity of paying attention to a problem that has been on the “to-do” list for long.

• When you want to provide a relatively detailed list of guidelines and procedures.

• When you want to establish a paper

• When the issues you want the other person to focus on are too detailed to address in an e-mail message

Memo - 1 Increased Hours Due to Reorganization Plan

To:From:Date:Regarding: Time commitments

The reorganization plan for ABC Corporation will mean longer hours for all salaried staff members. Production management staff in particular (that includes me) must be ready to commit to extra time when the need arises. This is, as you know, a period of challenge for our company. I realize that these added hours will require some adjustment by all team members. Bear in mind, however, that our efforts during these times will serve to build a stronger company – and greater job security in the long term – for everyone here.Thanks in advance for helping us hit our numbers this quarter.

Memo - 1

Increased Hours Due to Reorganization Plans

Alternate Version

This probably won’t come as much of a surprise, but....The current reorganization plan means each and every one of us is going to have to put in some late hours over the next few months. Although this principle applies to all senior managers (myself very much included), it’s of particular importance for people in the production management area to bear in mind. We’ve got a big job ahead of us. It’s going to take a few late nights for us to do it.Many thanks for your help and support during what will be a challenging, but highly rewarding, quarter.

Memo - 1

Developing A Customized Memo?

Remember to….

• Point out, if at all possible, that you, too, will

be sharing in the added responsibilities• Thanks team members in advance for their

help during a trying time.

Memo - 2ATTENDANCE PROBLEMS: COMPANY MEETINGS

To:

From:

Date:

Regarding:

Just a reminder. The Monday morning meetings are mandatory….so please attend and please be prompt.

We are going to talk about some exciting new initiatives the company will be pursuing in the coming year during next Monday’s meeting. I look forward to seeing you there.

Memo - 2ATTENDANCE PROBLEMS: COMPANY MEETINGS

Alternate Version

The company meetings are for everyone….and we miss you when you are not there to contribute.

The Monday morning meetings are mandatory. Please attend and please make every effort to be in the conference room by 9:00.

Thanks!

Memo - 2

Developing A Customized Memo?

Remember to….

• Stress that the meetings are mandatory.• Encourage timely attendance.

Memo - 3

BREAKS THAT RUN BEYOND ALLOTTED TIMETo:From:Date:Regarding:

I need your help. Please remind the people ion your department that coffee breaks are not to extend beyond ten minutes, twice a day.

Thanks for helping us to keep things humming

Memo - 3

BREAKS THAT RUN BEYOND ALLOTED TIME Alternate Version I like a good cup of coffee as much as the next person, but…. The coffee breaks some people are taking are extending to as

long as thirty or forty minutes. Please help us all out and remind your people that the twice daily coffee breaks are meant to extend to a maximum of ten minutes each.

Memo - 3

Developing A Customized Memo?Remember to…. • State the policy regarding coffee breaks.• Request the manager’s help to keep

employees in line with policy.

Types of Letters

There are seven types of letters-

1. Sales letter.2. Claim letters.3. Adjustment letter.4. Collection letter.5. Enquiry letter6. Quotation letter.7. Job application letter.

Reply to a complaint

Keep your cool, never send reply in a moment of excitement or anger. Keep following five points in mind

– Convey good news first – the adjustment you are offering or the action you are taking.

– Explain why things went wrong.– Give additional information for the same product or send new

sales material about any other product of yours in which the customer might feel interested.

– Close the letter, emphasizing the action you want your customer to take.

– Address your letter to the client by name.

Sales letter

Guidelines• Arrest attention through an attractive opening.

• Arouse interest in your product.

• Present reader benefit information.

• Induce him to take action

• Close with a clincher sentence.

Beginnings

• You are absolutely correct in guessing that….

• You did the right thing in frankly telling your experience….

• It was very thoughtful of you to have written directly to us.

• You have every right to demand compensation because the mistake is entirely ours.

• Many thanks for telling us what went wrong with your….

Letter Drafting-Helpful Sentences

Conclusions

• We would be glad to hear from you after you have received the new consignment.

• Please tell us if we can do anything further.

• We would indeed appreciate your dropping a line about your experience with our new….

• Should you need to say something in future about our…., please do not hesitate to write to us.

• Thank you once again for having called our attention to this defect

Letter Drafting-Helpful Sentences

Bad sample letter

Dear Sir/Madam

I have heard on the grapevine that you are seeking a company which is capable of installing new computers for all your departments. I believe that my company can be safely appointed as one in which you have complete confidence. Notwithstanding our somewhat limited experience in your industry, I have been advized by someone who used to work for you that we would be just right for the job. I am most enthousiastic about the possibilities to mete you except please be advized that I will unfortunately be unable to visit your office on Mondays, Tuesdays or on Friday afternoons. This is because at

Writer has not bothered to find out a contact

Meaning is unclear

Writer gives irrelevant details

Grammar and spelling are poor

The letter is on more than one page

A good sampleToday’s date

Ms Martin Planning CompanyStreet NameBig Town

Dear Ms Martin,

Further to our phone conversation last week, I have pleasure in enclosing a recent brochure.

You confirmed that your company is interested in installing new computer software, and I am sure we will be able to supply your needs.

I look forward to hearing from you and to meeting you in the near future.

Yours Sincerely

SignatureHas written letter on just one page

Explains reason for letter

Knows to whom to send the letter

Shows positive outlook

Suggests next step

Checklist For Revising Business Messages - Editing

• Content and Organization– Review your draft against your message plan.– Cover all necessary points in logical order.– Organize the message to respond to the

audience’s probable reaction.– Provide enough support to make the main idea

convincing and interesting.– Eliminate unnecessary material; add useful

material.– Be sure the beginning and ending are effective.

Checklist For Revising Business Messages-Editing

Style and Readability

• Be sure you have achieved the right tone.

• Increase interest with lively words.

• Make sure your message is readable– Check vocabulary.

– Check sentence structure.

Checklist For Revising Business Messages-Editing

Word Choice• Use plain English.

• Use concrete words that avoid negative connotations.

• Rely on nouns, verbs and specific adjectives and adverbs.

Checklist For Revising Business Messages-Rewriting Your Message

Sentence Style– Fit the sentence structure on the thought.– Tailor the sentence style to the audience.– Aim for an average sentence length of 15 to 17 words.– Write mainly in active voice, but use the passive voice to achieve

specific effects.– Eliminate unnecessary words and phrases.– Avoid obsolete and pompous language.– Moderate your enthusiasm.– Break-up strung out sentences.– Avoid hedging sentences.– Watch for indefinite pronoun starters.

Checklist For Revising Business Messages-Rewriting Your Message

Effective Paragraphs– Edit for unity, effective development and

coherence.– Choose a method that develops cause and

effect, problem and solution.– Vary the length and structure of sentences

with paragraphs.– Mix paragraphs of different lengths but aim for

100 words.

Checklist For Revising Business Messages-Producing Your Message

Design Element– Use appropriate white space around

headings, margins, between columns and at line endings.

– Use headings to break up long passages of text.

– Use only as many type styles as you actually need.

Checklist For Revising Business Messages-Proofing Your Message

• Mechanics and format.

• Electronic grammar and spell checks

Sample letter - 1Dear Mr Khanna

Thank you for your letter No… of…We are very sorry to learn that you have been put to embarrassment and inconvenience owing to our mistake.

Your suggestion for quick shipment of 500 tins is fair and we have dispatched them today by quick transit service, as desired by you. We hope they will reach in time for you to keep the dates with your clients. We also agree to bear the transportation cost of the damaged tins. Please send them back soon.

We thank you for drawing our attention to this mistake because we have again carefully examined the working of our packing and dispatch department and introduced further checks to prevent the recurrence of such mistakes. Rest assured that you will not be put to any such inconvenience in future.

Yours sincerely

Sample letter - 2Dear Sri Sharma

Thank you for your letter No…of…Please accept our sincere apology for the error in your April bill.Out of the two items you mention the first was to be charged to another customer whose account appears next to yours in our ledger. You are right in guessing that it was a copying mistake. We have instructed our bill clerk to be more careful in future.The second item appear to have been bought by you on 30th April. The ledger entry show that the credit memo number 41389B for Rs. 1088.00 was issued to you by our salesmanI shall, therefore,feel grateful if you once more check your monthly account. For your convenience we are sending herewith a photocopy of this credit memo.On hearing from you, we shall send another bill for the correct amount.

Yours sincerely

Meetings Without Yawns

• Year 1990 – Fortunate magazine – “There were twenty-five million meetings worldwide on a single day”

• Year 1995 - Alan Barker – Put the figure at 55 million.

• In UK alone four million hours are spent every day on meetings.

What The Word Says About Meetings

• “A meeting keeps minutes and looses hours”

• “People call meetings when they can’t or won’t think problems out themselves”

• “A meeting is a gathering of important people who singly can do nothing, but together can

decide that nothing can be done”

• “The best committee is a committee of two when one is absent”

Meetings – To Prepare an Agenda

• Give names of expected attendees.• Give the exact date and place.• Give time for starting the meeting.• Give time when the meeting is expected to end.• Give the objectives of the meeting.• Give the issues to be discussed and resolved.• Indications of how attendees in general or

specific ones among them should prepare themselves for the meeting.

Table Manners At Meetings

• Don’t Go Late to a Meeting.• Don’t Interrupt Others When They Talk.• Don’t Monopolize the Meeting.• Don’t Talk or Joke with Your Neighbors.• Don’t use the Phone. • Don’t do Anything Unrelated to the Discussion.• Don’t Use Excessively Emotional Language.• Don't Disobey the Chairperson’s Instructions

and Requests.

Meetings – Preparing of Minutes

• Where and when meeting was held.

• The names of people who attended it.

• Apologies from people who were expected to attend but could not.

• The decision taken along with details of who should implement them by when.

• Name and signature of the person writing the minutes.

REPORTS THAT COMMAND RESPECT

Parts of Report

•Title Page•Letter of Transmittal•Table of Contents•Executive Summary•Introduction•Body•Conclusion•Appendix

QUALITIES OF GOOD REPORTING

“A good report is (a) reader-oriented, (b) brief, © well sequenced, (d) complete and (e) presented in appropriate

language”.Reportee –Orientation(a) Who for?(b) What for?Brevity(a) Brevity is relative.(b) Brevity is cutting out irrelevant ideas.Smooth Transition.(a) Classical Components of a Report(b) Chronological Sequence.© Spatial Sequence.(d) Cause and Effect Sequence.

QUALITIES OF GOOD REPORTING(Contd)

Completeness(a) Source of Data.(b) Relevant Data.(c) Credibility and Supporting Evidence.(d) Acknowledging the Source.Appropriate Language(a) Linguistic Correctness.(b) Readability.

Persuasive Proposals

Qualities of a Good Proposal

1. Future Oriented.

2. Persuasive.

Proposals – Art of Persuasion

1. Credibility of Source.

2. Reasonableness of the Message.

3. Emotional Involvement.

4. Attractiveness of the Presentation.

PRESENTING YOUR MAIL

• Invest in the subject line: Give your mail a Smart Heading.

• Small is beautiful: keep your mail Short• Brief is businesslike, but Abrupt isn’t! Mind your tone.• Mind your Language: Don’t attach Unwelcome Files to

your mail• Mind your Language: Bad Grammar and Spellings can

be Fatal• Mind your Language: Hold back Angry Outbursts.• Flaunt your mail’s vital statistics: Let its Figure show.

E-MAIL COMMONSENSE & ETIQUETTE

• Don’t cry Wolf too Often.

• Don’t burn down your hut to kill the mice.

• Follow e-mail ethics. Don’t violate general rules of etiquette.

• Don’t sow Wild Mails.

• When your mails fail, Try smarter, Not harder.

• Don’t hide behind your mails.

SAMPLE MAIL-AHi! Rajesh

I have began work on the “debtors reconciliation” for Nepal. I am attaching an incomplete file which will give you an idea of the same.

Much as I would have liked to complete the reconciliation the June based forecast for 2003 and 2004 have come up. This will make it impossible for me to send you a reconciliation immediately.

I have had a discussion with Chetan and we have agreed on following: the earliest I could send you the reconciliation would be 27th of August or the latest by 1st week of Sept.

If I could start work on the reconciliation by 14th of August, I will work on the June figures and if I start work by the first week of Sept I will use post-July figures.I apologise for the change in schedule.

RegardsJuhi

E-MAIL ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

BBL Be back laterBFN Bye for nowBRB Be right BackBTW By the WayFYI For your

information<g> Grin<G> Big grinHSIK How should I

know?IAE In any eventIMO In my opinion

IOW In other wordsLOL Laughing out

loudNBD No big dealROFL Rolling on

floor laughing

TIA Thanks in

advanceTIC Tongue in

cheekTTFN Ta ta for nowTTYL Talk to you

laterWYSIWYG What you see is

what you get

E-MAIL EMOTIONS

:-( Sad

:-I Indifferent

:-) Winking

:-D Laughing

:-\ Undecided

:-P Tongue hanging out

:-o Surprised

:-X Big kiss

::-) Wearing glasses

:-& Tongue tied

PRESENTATION

Whether you are a seasoned orator or novice speaker, you can improve your presentation skills and enhance your credibility through planning, preparation & practice.

Your Objectives

You should be clear about your objective before you start preparation for your presentation.

• Do you want to entertain your audience?• Is the objective to pass on vital information?• Is the objective to motivate your audience to

rush off and take immediate action as a consequence of your speech?

Points to Remember

Remember following points-

1. Your presentation should be relevant, simple and to the point.

2. Your audience will be impressed by the depth and breadth of your knowledge rather than a show of false intellect and wit.

3. Your positive attitude, energy,and enthusiasm for the subject will speak volumes. They will be remembered by your audience long after the details of your speech have been forgotten.

Preparing Yourself

The overall impact of your presentation will be determined as much by how you appear as by what you say.Points to remember-1. Believe in yourself.

An audience is your ally. Its members want to learn from you.

Think positively

2.Visualize success.Behave naturally and the audience will be warm to you.Think of a large audience as if it were a small group

Thank You