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Date: 11-04-2013
Ancillary Services and Indian Power System
IPPAI conference on 10th & 11th April 2013…..
Confidential Slide 2
Transmission
Distribution
Generation
All in one Utility Generation, Transmission and
Distribution toward objective of power supply
Cost (merit order), reliability, security and quality, all responsibility of the utility and will be as per its efficiency
Confidential Slide 3
Transmission
Distribution
Generation
SystemOperation
Supply
Unbundled system Generation, Transmission
and Distribution System operation and
supply functions become visible as distinct activity
Service are transacted
Confidential Slide
Services are transacted…..
What ? Basic services
Ancillary services
How ? Price
Market
Regulations
4
Unbundled system - Reliability, Security, Quality and ultimate final cost to consumer get determined from : Rules and regulations of the
game Market efficiency Behavior and efficiency of all
players not for reliability, security, quality and cost of supply but towards their own business objective
Confidential Slide
Basic and Ancillary Services
Basic Services: Generation, Transmission and Distribution toward
objective of power supply as per basic service requirement
Ancillary Services: Value added services towards supporting and
improving reliability, security and quality
5
Confidential Slide
Ancillary Services
Real Power Balancing Operating Reserves Scheduling and dispatch Inter-area power flow control Reactive Power - Voltage Control Economic dispatch Transmission Security System Protection Black Start
6
Real Power Balancing Reactive Power Voltage Control Scheduling and Dispatch Inter-area power flow control System Protection Energy Imbalance Frequency Control Black Start Reserve Transmission Security Economic dispatch Financial Trade Enforcement Losses …. ….
Indian Context
Literature : FERC / CIGRE / Other Authors
Refer POSOCO June 2010 paper
Confidential Slide
Basic and Ancillary Services which we already have
7
Ancillary Services : Compulsory Provision• Transmission Security• Scheduling and dispatch• System Protection – SPS• Primary Frequency Response –
FGMO clause 5.2 (f) of IEGC – has so far remained un-achievable
Voluntary – Priced • Real Power Balancing through
loose frequency control and UI pricing
• Reactive power support for voltage control
• Inter-area power flow - Congestion management only for scheduling
Voluntary cooperation – Un-priced
• Black Start
Basic Services:• Generation•Transmission•Distribution – Supply utility•System Operation•Power Market
•Operational coordination•Maintenance coordination•System Protection - basic
•Planning coordination•Regulatory Mechanism
Indian Power System
Confidential Slide
Scheduling, Market and Real Power Balancing
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
36
34
32
30
28
26
24
22
Bilateral (Base load) contract
Bilateral (peak load) contract
Day Ahead Hour Ahead
Sell
BuyBuy
Sell
Forecasted demand
Ancillary Service
Intra Day demand
Real-time demand
Buy and Sell includes Scheduling and Re-scheduling from capacity contracts
Confidential Slide
Real Power Balancing
Intent of adherence to schedules for each time block is a pre-requisite
And then the Real Power Balancing ancillaries to improve that basic level of adherence viz. FGMO – primary control by thermal units
Secondary Control from reserve Hydro/Gas Units
Tertiary Control by stand-by reserve units
All the above including FGMO could be procured as a priced service
9
Confidential Slide
Frequency linked UI tariffvs
Ancillary Power Market Can the two co-exist ? Yes
Should they co-exist ? Real power getting balanced through ancillary power, there may not
remain justification for frequency linked UI pricing
Frequency linked UI pricing may inhibit ancillary market
Can we phase out frequency linked UI in steps ?
10
Confidential Slide
Real Power Balancing
Required for real power balancing, not frequency control Frequency variation is just an indicator of balancing error Also required for inter-area power flow control Inter-area power flow control more critical for system security Balancing has to come from un dispatched generation as well as
load management In moving towards scheduled operation regime, balancing power
from generators and that from load management both must de-link from frequency and priced as per time block market discovered values
– POSOCO proposal is only one sided
11
Confidential Slide
POSOCO proposal
Establishing Ancillary power Market is a much felt necessity
But POSOCO proposal may need some basic change
Frequency triggered procurement ?? Risks:
Procuring unwanted power
Frequency shoot-ups
Forcing utilities to pay for what they could not afford to buy
May cause undesired and forced increase in UI
12
Confidential Slide
FGMO – why have we failed ? FGMO – primary control by thermal units Secondary Control from reserve Hydro/Gas Units Tertiary Control by stand-by reserve units
Unlike the normal sequence of primary to secondary to tertiary, requirement of placing control mechanism in power system has to be the other way round.
For a successful primary control, we must have secondary control mechanism already in place and for successful secondary control we must have tertiary control mechanism already in place
13
Confidential Slide
FGMO – why have we failed ?
Primary Control – FGMO of thermal units
Secondary Control from reserve Hydro/Gas Units
Tertiary Control by stand-by
reserve units
14
PLACINGMECHAMISM
OPERATION
UCTE’s classification of frequency reservesTaken from POSOCO Approach Paper of June 2010
Confidential Slide
Procurement of Ancillary Services
Compulsory Provision through Rules and Regulations
Voluntary Participation through Pricing and Market mechanism
through Voluntary cooperation – un-priced
15
Confidential Slide
Transmission Security
Inter-area power flow control Re-scheduling and based on system evaluated security
status Dynamic protection based on real time feeder loads, area
exchange deviations and frequency instead of present schemes of only frequency based fixed feeder U/F and df/dt load shedding
16
Thank youDate: 11-04-2013