Airport Operations & Traffic Pattern Operations

Created By: Edwin A. Pitty Sanchez

AIRPORT&TRAFFIC PATTERN OPERATIONS

LAHSO RUNWAY INCURSIONS

TRAFFIC PATTERN

WIND INDICATORSATIS

AIRPORT LIGHTING


What’s an Airport?

Is a location where aircraft such as fixed-wing aircraft, helicopters, etc. T/O and Land.


Runway – Surface Markings


Runway Markings

AIM 2-3-3

Visual Non-Precision Precision


Runway Markings


Threshold Relocation

Sometimes construction, maintenance, or other activities require the threshold to be relocated towards the rollout end of the runway.


DISPLACED THRESHOLD


Blast Pad / Stopway


EMAS

The soft concrete bed, called EMAS, for engineered material arresting systems, extends about 600 feet from the runway's end


Closed Runway


Hold Line Markings


RUNWAY SIGNAGE


Traffic Pattern

Operations

WIND


Land and Hold Short Operations

AIM 4-3-11Land and Hold Short Clearances (LAHSO) are issued by ATC at towered airports to increase efficiency• Hold short points can be:

– Intersecting runway.– Intersecting taxiway.– Other designated hold short point.

• Pilots must stop the aircraft prior to reaching the designated hold short point.– Failure to do so may compromise safety.– The pilot has the option to decline a LAHSO clearance

when issued.




• Pilot has final authority to accept LAHSO• Become familiar with LAHSO operations at destination prior

to departure– Consult A/FD

• In the event of a rejected landing, maintain safe separation and notify ATC immediately

• Readback all LAHSO clearances in full– Do not make controller ask for a readback

• Maintain situational awareness– Have airport diagram and ALD info available

• Brief other cockpit crewmembers• Pilots should only be issued LAHSO clearances with ceilings

at least 1,000’ and visibility 3 SM



Lighting

Airport lighting may include one or more of the following:– Airport beacon– Visual glideslope indicators– Runway lighting

• Edge lighting• Runway centerline lighting• Touchdown zone lighting• Taxiway lead-off lights

– Taxiway lighting• Edge lighting• Taxiway centerline lighting

– Approach lighting system– Obstruction lighting


Airport Beacon


Visual Glideslope Indicators

Visual glideslope indicators are light systems which indicate your position in relation to the desired glide path to the runway

– Visual Approach Slope Indicator (VASI)– Tricolor VASI– Pulsating Approach Path Indicator (PLASI)– Precision Approach Path Indicator (PAPI)


VASI

• Normally set at 3° glide path• Safe obstruction clearance within 10° of center-line

and 4 NM• Visible from 3-5 miles (day) and 20 miles (night)


VASI

• Three-bar VASI provides two glide paths– Near and middle bars same as 2 bar VASI– Middle and far bars form an upper glide path for

large aircraft• ¼ degree steeper than first VASI set• 700 feet beyond middle bars


VASI

Tri-Color VASI


PAPI


Pulsating Approach Path Indicator

• Single light unit projecting a two color visual approach path

• Range is 4 miles (day) and 10 miles (night)


Obstruction Lighting

• Obstructions not in the vicinity of an airport– Red or white beacons and/or flashing lights are

used to mark man-made obstructions and hazards to aerial navigation

• Airport obstruction lighting– Steady red lights mark obstructions and hazards

in the vicinity of an airport• Includes end-of-runway lights


RUNWAY LIGHTS


RUNWAY LIGHTS


RUNWAY LIGHTS


RWLS


RUNWAY INCURSION

• AC 91-73A – Five major categories:

• Planning • Situational Awareness • Use of Written Taxi Instructions • ATC/Pilot Communications • Taxiing

• AC 120-74A– Adds one more category:

• Intra-Flightdeck/Cockpit Verbal Coordination


ATIS

ICAO StationWinds

Visibility & Obstructions to VisibilityTemperature

Altimeter SettingCeiling Conditions

Runway in Use

Ceilings and visibility may not be reported if ceilings are above 5,000 feet, and/or the visibility is greater than 5 SM.


WingTip Vortices


Wake Turbulence


Airport Layout

Business

Airport Operations & Traffic Pattern Operations