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NCSU Extension Forestry - Education and Promotion of Woody Biomass in North Carolina
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1
Mark MegalosJames Jeuck
Extension Forestry
North CarolinaCooperative Extension ServiceNORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF NATURAL RESOURCES
Woody Biomass Energy in North Carolina
2
Why Woody Biomass?“Nature’s renewable energy”
3
Our Appetite for NonRenewable Fossil Fuels
The U.S. uses about 25% of world oil production, but wehave only about 2.5% of the world’s supply*.
* Based on June 2007 world cosumption & 2005 reserves
04/08/23 4
Meanwhile Renewable Energy Costs DroppingLevelized cents/kWh in constant $20001
Wind
1980 1990 2000 2010 2020
PVC
OE
ce
nts
/kW
h
1980 1990 2000 2010 2020
40
30
20
10
0
100
80
60
40
20
0
BiomassGeothermal Solar thermal
1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020
CO
E c
en
ts/k
Wh
10
8
6
4
2
0
70
60
50
40
30
2010
0
15
12
9
6
3
0
Source: NREL Energy Analysis Office (www.nrel.gov/analysis/docs/cost_curves_2002.ppt)1These graphs are reflections of historical cost trends NOT precise annual historical data.Updated: October 2002
04/08/23
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GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE
04/08/23
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How is Woody Biomass Produced?
• a by-product of conventional harvesting
• A chipper is added to the mix of logging equipment
• Logging residues, cull trees, thinnings in absence of pulpwood markets are chipped
04/08/23
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Electricity• Dedicated biomass
burning electric plants (cogeneration)
• Mixing wood with coal at public utility plants (co-firing)
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Combined Heat and PowerHeating and Air Conditioning
• Schools• Hospitals• Campuses• District heating• Industry
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Future Ethanol & Biodiesel Production?• Numerous methods
developing
• None are working commercial scale
• Best guess is 5-10 years off
• May be largely supplied with coming energy plantations?
(slide borrowed from Alex Hobbs)
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How can woody biomass markets help you reach your goals for owning land?
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What are the benefits to you as a forest landowner? (It’s mostly about better utilization during harvesting)
• Higher quality timber during logging
• Lower site prep & planting costs• Some $ for you as markets
develop • It may be the only way to get
your plantations thinned• "Start-over” on: poor or damaged
timber land
Harvesting with chipping
Fixing “sins” of the past
• Improving diversity
• Increasing productivity
• Reducing risks
• Increasing economic viability
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Forest Health Opportunities
48% of woodlands have too many trees
Wildfire Risk Management/Firewise
About 75% of our forests presentwildfire threats to structures
and communities!
Salvage after Fire, Storms, or Pests
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Better Forest Products and Income Through Improved Management
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What Will Not Likely Happen in the Forest!
• Sawtimber becoming energy wood ($35-$49/ton delivered*)
• Chip ‘n saw becoming energy wood ($37/ton average*)
**Timber Mart South, 3rd Quarter 2007
*biomass has been bringing $14-20/ton delivered
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Benefits to You in a Nutshell
Bottom Line – You may never receive a lotof income directly from biomass markets,but they can help you manage your standsfor high-value timber products & wildlife.
Woody Biomass Website Developmentwww.ces.ncsu.edu/forestry
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NCSU Extension Forestry
Woody Biomass Service Center
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• GIS site analysis for woody biomass supply• Supply curves for of multiple woody biomass sources
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