After the crisis: Cultural tourism and urban regeneration in EuropeJames KennellUniversity of Greenwich, UK

1997 – The Guggenheim Museum, Bilbao, Spain

2011, Turner Contemporary, Margate, UK

3 decades of high-profile cultural regeneration in Europe

Cultural tourism has provided consumers for cultural regeneration projects

Cultural tourism has provided consumers for cultural regeneration projects✗

✗ ?✗✔

€250m public funding

Contributions from RDA, local government, EU

2002 – 2007 30% year-on-year tourism growth

75% of €700m project came from the private sector

European Capital of Culture 2004

La PiscinePalias de Beaux ArtsNew cultural hubs in former textiles manufacturing buildings

Knowledge industry growth

15% of all new jobs high-tech

60 research laboratories

Undervaerket

Creative space

Jewelers, metalworkers, artists, textiles, printers

Ethnic and migrant businesses

Job creation

Training

Education

Integration

European tourist arrivals dropped by 9% in 2009 and 10% in 2010

2010-11 +4%

2012-12 +3%

Limited recoveryLow cost destinationsEvents InboundDepressed internal (EU) & domestic markets

Cultural production continues to drive post-crisis cultural regeneration✗

✗ ?✗✔

People’s Republic of Stoke’s Croft

Activists, artists, residents, visitors, individuals

No public funding

No corporate investment

Local ownership

SuccessesFestivalsRenovationSocial Enterprise

Challenges for policy makers

Bottom up is unpredictable

Partnership working is complicated

Informal structures

Anti-state?

Anti-corporate?

Anti-tourism?

“Each Story of regeneration begins with poetry and ends with real estate”

(Kunzmann 2004)