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Addictions in the workplace

by Toronto Training and HR

October 2014

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CONTENTS3-4 Introduction5-6 The spectrum of substance abuse7-8 Stages of change9-10 Dependence11-13 Why do people use?14-15 Determining the level of risk16-19 Questions to ask when assessing the nature of the

workforce20-21 Having difficult conversations22-25 Risk factors for problem gambling 26-28 Alcohol-related health conditions29-31 In terms of alcohol, how does Ontario compare to

other provinces?32-33 Recent research around alcohol34-35 Drugs in the body36-37 Relevant case in the US around drugs38-39 Relevant case in Canada around random testing40-41 Example responsibilities42-48 How much is too much?49-50 Conclusion, summary and questions

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Introduction

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Introduction to Toronto Training and HR

Toronto Training and HR is a specialist training and human resources consultancy headed by Timothy Holden 10 years in banking15 years in training and human resourcesFreelance practitioner since 2006The core services provided by Toronto Training and HR are:

Training event designTraining event deliveryHR support with an emphasis on reducing costs, saving time plus improving employee engagement and moraleServices for job seekers

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The spectrum of substance abuse

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BeneficialNon-problematicProblematicChronic dependence

The spectrum of substance abuse

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Stages of change

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Pre-contemplationContemplationPreparationActionMaintenance(Relapse)

Stages of change

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Dependence

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Physical dependencePsychological dependenceCycle of dependence

Dependence

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Why do people use?

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Curiosity Social activityPeer pressureRelax (stress/anxiety) FunReward DepressionRelieve painTrauma

Why do people use? 1 of 2

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Emotional & mental health issuesCelebrate GriefFeel betterDecrease discomfort ReliefBoredom & loneliness Religious/cultural

Why do people use? 2 of 2

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Determining the level of risk

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Activity riskWorkforce risk

Determining the level of risk

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Questions to ask when assessing the nature of

the workforce

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Are they diverse, numerous, seasonal people who aren’t well known to you, or are they a small number of long-term employees you know well?Are there many employees in the 18–25 year-old age bracket?Is the workforce predominantly male?

Questions to ask when assessing the nature of the workforce 1 of 3

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Do you have employees with a known history of drugs or alcohol misuse, e.g. drink-driving convictions?Do drug and alcohol misuse statistics indicate that where you operate has a heightened risk, e.g. a tourist town?

Questions to ask when assessing the nature of the workforce 2 of 3

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Are there other workforce factors that heighten your risk, such as your safety culture, particularly whether employees take a team responsibility?

Questions to ask when assessing the nature of the workforce 3 of 3

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Having difficult conversations

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State the issueAsk for an explanationAcknowledge the person’s valued contributionsDefine the problem and consequencesSearch for alternative solutionsAgree on objectivesSet a time line

Having difficult conversations

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Risk factors for problem gambling

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Male genderInterest in gambling activitiesAmbition to get richDistorted cognitions about skill and knowledgeReliance on loans to solve financial problemsDenial of having a gambling problem

Risk factors for problem gambling 1 of 3

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Lack of alternative entertainment to alleviate job stressShift work leading to social isolationEasy access to gamblingEasy access to loansExposure to gambling activitiesInfluence of gambling promotions

Risk factors for problem gambling 2 of 3

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Influence of gambling colleaguesOpinions on responsible gambling strategies

Risk factors for problem gambling 3 of 3

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Alcohol-related health conditions

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CancersNeurological and psychiatric conditionsDiabetesCardiovascular conditionsGastrointestinal conditionsMaternal and perinatal conditionsAcute toxic effects

Alcohol-related health conditions 1 of 2

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InjuriesViolent deaths

Alcohol-related health conditions 2 of 2

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In terms of alcohol, how does Ontario compare to other

provinces?

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PricingControl systemsPhysical availabilityDrinking and drivingAdvertising and marketingLegal drinking ageScreening, brief intervention and referrals

In terms of alcohol, how does Ontario compare to other provinces? 1 of 2

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Server training and challenge & refusal programsProvincial alcohol strategyWarning label and signs

In terms of alcohol, how does Ontario compare to other provinces? 2 of 2

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Recent research around alcohol

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Strong association between the quantity of alcohol consumed by a given population and the type/number of problems experienced in that population (no surprise there!)

Recent research around alcohol

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Drugs in the body

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Six days: Amphetamines, methamphetamine, ecstasy2-5 days: Cocaine, opiates (including codeine)2-14 days: Benzodiazepines2-30 days: Cannabis

Drugs in the body

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Relevant case in the US around drugs

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Shirley v. Precision Castparts Corporation

Relevant case in the US around drugs

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Relevant case in Canada around random

testing

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C.E.P. Local 30 v Irving Pulp & Paper Ltd

Relevant case in Canada against random testing

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Example responsibilities

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EmployeeManager/department headDisability advisorOccupational Health Nurse

Example responsibilities

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How much is too much?

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An Employee may not: (a) use, possess or offer for sale alcohol and drugs while at a company workplace(b) report to work or work with an alcohol level that exceeds forty milligrams of alcohol in one hundred millilitres of blood or the equivalent concentration for breath, urine or saliva

How much is too much? 1 of 6

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An Employee may not (cont.):(c) with a drug level for the drugs set out below equal to or in excess of the concentrations set out in Oral Fluid Drug Concentration Limits: Marijuana metabolites 4 ng/ml (screen),2 ng/ml (conformation)

How much is too much? 2 of 6

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An Employee may not (cont.):Cocaine metabolites 20 ng/ml (screen),8 ng/ml (confirmation)Opiates 40 ng/ml (screen), 40 ng/ml (confirmation)6-Acetylmorphine 4 ng/ml (screen), 4 ng/ml (confirmation)

How much is too much? 3 of 6

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An Employee may not (cont.):Phencyclidine 10 ng/ml (screen),10 ng/ml (confirmation)Amphetamines 50 ng/ml (screen), 50 ng/ml (confirmation) Urine Drug Concentration Limits: Marijuana Metabolites 50 ng/ml (screen), 15 ng/ml (confirmation)

How much is too much? 4 of 6

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An Employee may not (cont.):Cocaine Metabolites 150 ng/ml (screen), 100 ng/ml (confirmation)Opiates Metabolites 2000 ng/ml (screen), 2000 ng/ml (confirmation)6-Acetylmorphine 10 ng/ml (screen), 10 ng/ml (confirmation)

How much is too much? 5 of 6

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An Employee may not (cont.):Phencyclidine (PCP) 25 ng/ml (screen), 25 ng/ml (confirmation)Amphetamines 500 ng/ml (screen), 250 ng/ml (confirmation)

How much is too much? 6 of 6

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Conclusion, summary and questions

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Conclusion, summary and questions

ConclusionSummaryVideosQuestions