Occurrences of Wheat Stripe Rust and Races of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici in

China during 2008-2012

Wanquan CHEN

IPPCAAS

Contents

Occurrences of wheat stripe rust Survey of Pst races Temperature sensitivity of Pst population Comprehensive utilization of Pst races Acknowledgments

I Occurrence and Epidemics of Wheat Stripe Rust in China 2008-2012

China is the largest wheat producer in the world with the total wheat growing area of 24 million ha and the total wheat production of over 120 billion kg annually (MOA, 2012)

Wheat stripe rust is destructive in all winter wheat regions and is considered the most important foliar disease in China

Occurrence and Epidemics of Wheat Stripe Rust in China during1990-2012

Occurrence and Epidemics of Wheat Stripe Rust in China during 2008-2012

Severe Epidemics of Wheat Stripe Rust in China in 2009

Severe epidemic areas

GansuGansu

Yunnan

Sichuan

II Survey of Pst Race and Virulence19 Chinese Differentials1 Trigo Eureka (Yr6)2 Fulhard (+)3 Lutescens 128(+)4 Mentana(+)5 Virgilio (YrVir1-2)6 Abbondanza(+)7 Early Piemium(+)8 Funo (YrA+)9 Danish 1 (Yr3)10 Jubilejina II(YrJu1-4)11 Fengchan3 (Yr1)12 Lovrin13 (Yr9+)13 Kangyin655(Yr1,YrKy1-2)14 Suwon11 (YrSu)15 Zhong4(+)16 Lovrin10(Yr9)17 Hybrid46(Yr3b,4b)18 T. spelta album (Yr5)19 Guinong22 (Yr10, 24/26?)

19 Chinese Differentials1 Trigo Eureka (Yr6)2 Fulhard (+)3 Lutescens 128(+)4 Mentana(+)5 Virgilio (YrVir1-2)6 Abbondanza(+)7 Early Piemium(+)8 Funo (YrA+)9 Danish 1 (Yr3)10 Jubilejina II(YrJu1-4)11 Fengchan3 (Yr1)12 Lovrin13 (Yr9+)13 Kangyin655(Yr1,YrKy1-2)14 Suwon11 (YrSu)15 Zhong4(+)16 Lovrin10(Yr9)17 Hybrid46(Yr3b,4b)18 T. spelta album (Yr5)19 Guinong22 (Yr10, 24/26?)

† Regular field surveys was conducted

annually across wheat growing areas in

China.

† Trap nurseries were disposed at 29

locations in 16 provinces.

† Stripe rust race identification was

conducted by the Chinese National Wheat

Rust Collaborative Group (CNWRCG).

Some of Activities of Field Survey

Distribution of trap nurseries

29 Locations

16 Provinces

＞ 130 Lines

29 Locations

16 Provinces

＞ 130 Lines

Trap nurseries Provincial capitals

Years Chuanmai 42 (Yr26)

Lantian17(Yr26)

Guinong22 (Yr26)

92R137(Yr26)

Moro(Yr10)

Mianmai37 (Yr+)

Zhou 98167 (Yr+)

2009 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

2010 1/10/10 0 0 0 0 0 0

2011 2-3/10/20 3/10/t 3/5/5 3/10/10 2/10/20 0 0

2012 3/20/100 3/10/60 3/10/50 3/40/80 3/10/100 0 0

2013 3/10/60 3/10/40 2/10/20 3/20/60 3/10/30 3/10/40 3/10/10

Resistance Variation of Some Wheat Lines in Trap Nursery during 2009-2013

(Tianshui, Gansu Province)

Dynamics of Major Pst Races in China During 2008-2012

A total of 295 virulence

phenotypes has been detected

from more than 4770 samples

during 2008-2012.

CYR32 & CYR33 is considered

as dominant races with the

frequency of 21.7% (18.15-

25.22% ) and 22.1% (18.27-

25.87%)

V26 (Virulence to Yr24/26) was firstly

detected with the frequency of 4.3% in

2010, and then increased to 13.2% in

2012

V26

Distribution of Major Pst Race Groups in China During 2008-2012

III Temperature Sensitivity of Different Spatio-Temporal Pst Populations in China

† Temperature sensitivities of 126 Pst isolates sampled from 12

provinces collected over four decades (1980s-2010s) were compared.

† ET50 values representing the temperature required to achieve a 50%

DIR (disease inhibition rate), was taken as the temperature sensitivity

parameter of the pathogen.

Origin HB YN GZ SC CQ XZ HN GS QH XJ SX NX

Number of samples 20 9 11 15 6 7 7 16 10 6 12 7

III Temperature Sensitivity of Different Spatio-Temporal Pst Populations in China

• The ET50s of all tested isolates were abnormally distributed in a

range from 18.46 to 27.01°C, and 14.29% of isolates were

higher than 26°C

• Pst isolates from warmer, lower elevations/latitudes showed

relatively higher ET50 values (revealing LT).

III Temperature Sensitivity of Different Spatio-Temporal Pst Populations in China

Low temperature-sensitivity isolates (high ET50 value) had much stronger parasitic fitness than the mid- and high temperature sensitivity isolates, as displayed by shorter latent periods, more spore production and faster lesion growth.

HT isolates LT isolates

15 days after inoculation under 26°C

III Temperature Sensitivity of Different Spatio-Temporal Pst Populations in China

Two hours after heat shock at 26°C, mRNA expression of hsp70 was 17.4-fold higher in LT isolate than in the control (untreated urediniospores) and 4.9-fold higher than HT isolate, suggesting that the hsp70 gene may play an important role

in Pst adaptation to high temperature．

IV Comprehensive Utilizations of Pst Races in Wheat Breeding for Rust Resistance

1. Screening and evaluating for rust resistance in wheat improvement programIPP is responsible for the disease resistance evaluation of NATWV

1. Screening and evaluating for rust resistance in wheat improvement programIPP is responsible for the disease resistance evaluation of NATWV

Years No IM MR-HR Slow Rusting %

2009 137 22 37 22 51.1

2010 187 43 29 2 39.6

2011 183 43 56 - 54.1

2012 133 23 50 26 74.4

2013 148 17 50 38 70.9

Total 788 148 222 88 58.1

IV Comprehensive Utilizations of Pst Races in Wheat Breeding for Rust Resistance

2. Supplying Race Information & Urediniospores2. Supplying Race Information & Urediniospores

Results of Pst race survey is distributed to MOA, NATESC,

provincial stations, and institutions of wheat breeding etc

Urediniospores of various Pst races is supplied for the

institutions of wheat breeding annually

IV Comprehensive Utilizations of Pst Races in Wheat Breeding for Rust Resistance

3. Developing Wheat Lines for Stripe Rust Resistance-NILs3. Developing Wheat Lines for Stripe Rust Resistance-NILs

Two sets of near-isogenic lines:

- Mingxian169 (winter wheat)---BC6F4:9 Yr genes: Yr1, Yr2, Yr5, Yr7, Yr9, Yr10, YrSp, YrKy2, YrResubka

- Taichung 29 (spring wheat)---BC6F7:10 Yr genes: Yr1, Yr2, Yr5, Yr7, Yr9 Yr10, YrV23, YrSp, YrKy2, YrJu4

IV Comprehensive Utilizations of Pst Races in Wheat Breeding for Rust Resistance

3. Developing Wheat Lines for Stripe Rust Resistance--- Multilines3. Developing Wheat Lines for Stripe Rust Resistance--- Multilines

‘Zhongzhi 2’Shaan 167 (Yr5/Yr10/YrC591)

Some Wheat Advanced Lines for StripeRust Resistance

Resistant Multi-lines

IV Comprehensive Utilizations of Pst Races in Wheat Breeding for Rust Resistance

4. Reasonable Deployment of Wheat Cultivars based on the Distribution of Pst Races4. Reasonable Deployment of Wheat Cultivars based on the Distribution of Pst Races

Deployment of Yr Genes in Inoculum Source Areas

Acknowledgments Research Group of Wheat Fungal Diseases in IPPCAAS

Shichang XU Xiayu DUAN Yilin ZHOU Taiguo LIU Li GAO Ruiming LIN Weihua LIJing FENG Bo LIU Jieru FAN Fengtao WANG

Acknowledgments National Wheat Rust Collaborative Group

Sponsor: MOA

Coordinator: IPPCAAS

Collaborators: 4 Universities 9 Provincial institutes 3 Provincial extension stations

Acknowledgments Supporting Projects and Grants

Public Service (Agriculture) Research Project (200903035)

National Foundation for Wheat Industry and Technology Expert (CARS-03-

04B)

The National Key Basic Research Program of China (2013CB127700 and

2011CB100403)

……

THANK YOU!