STELLA N. FELIASReporter

PHOTOGRAPHY

PHOTOGRAPHY

Photography is the art, science, and practice of creating durable images by recording light or other electromagnetic radiation, either chemically by means of a light-sensitive material such as photographic film, or electronically by means of an image sensor.

Invented in the first decades of the 19th century, photography (by way of the camera) seemed able to capture more detail and information than traditional mediums, such as painting and sculpting.[16]Photography as a usable process goes back to the 1820s with the development of chemical photography. The first permanent photoetching was an image produced in 1822[7] by the French inventor Nicéphore Niépce, but it was destroyed by a later attempt to duplicate it.[7]

 Niépce was successful again in 1825. He made the first permanent photograph from nature (his View from the Window at Le Gras) with a camera obscura in 1826.

History

The camera obscura (Latin; camera for "vaulted chamber/room", obscura for "dark", together "darkened chamber/room"; plural: camera obscuras or camerae obscurae) is an optical device that projects an image of its surroundings on a screen. It is used in drawing and for entertainment, and was one of the inventions that led tophotography and the camera. The device consists of a box or room with a hole in one side. Light from an external scene passes through the hole and strikes a surface inside where it is reproduced, upside-down, but with color and perspective preserved.

Daguerre took the first ever photo of a person in 1838, while taking a daguerreotype of a Paris street, a pedestrian stopped for a shoe shine, long enough to be captured by the long exposure (several minutes). Eventually, France agreed to pay Daguerre a pension for his formula, in exchange for his promise to announce his discovery to the world as the gift of France, which he did in 1839.

According to "The Development of 35mm Photography" An early 35mm still camera was the Tourist Multiple from 1914 with standard 35mm film for 750 exposures that utilized the 18x24mm so-called half frame like 35mm motion picture cameras did. Several cameras that were adapted from motion picture photography for still use were also created around the same time. However, the prototype Ur-Leica (invented by Oskar Barnack while working for Ernst Leitz) from 1913 used the standard 24x36mm image size on standard, 35mm film. It was different and it lead to a revolution in camera design.

Features of Photography

1. Film Loading and the film ASA.

a. Un-package your roll of film.b. Take the roll of film and lay it on top of the cradle (not in) on the

left hand side. c. Pull up on the same disc from before as you do this, push the roll

of film down into the cradle.d. Next with the roll of film securely in place, pull the leader across

the back of the camera by grabbing the sides of the film so that no fingerprints make it on the surface of the film.

e. Insert the leader into one of the two slits on the right spindle. Line up the sprocket holes on the sprockets. Holding the film in place on the sprockets and with the leader in a slit on the spindle, with your left hand, find the advancement mechanism which is connected to the right spindle but on top of the camera, and spin it out and to the right with your right thumb. Shut the back door.

ISO or ASA in the most basic terms is the speed with which your film or digital camera responds to light, so the higher the ISO/ASA rating the more sensitive the film sensor to light. In terms of film those with with lower sensitivity (lower ISO speed rating like 50 or 100) requires a longer exposure and is thus called a slow film, while stock with higher sensitivity (higher ISO speed rating such as 400 or 800) can shoot the same scene with a shorter exposure and is called a fast film.

2. Single Lens Reflex (SLR) viewfinder and composition. The design that made the SLR famous is based on the way the lens and camera body capture an image. When a user looks through the viewfinder he is not seeing the image itself. What he sees is a reflection. A mirror inside the camera body captures the image coming through the lens and bounces it up to the viewfinder. This system allows the user to see and photograph the exact image coming through the lens. A photographer using a cameras with the viewfinder on the side sees the image from an angle and not the true photograph image.

3. Lens opening (f/stop) and exposure The lens itself is designed to capture images with different

speeds and light exposures. This is measured through two criteria: aperture size (the size of the lens-shutter opening) and f-stops (the amount of light exposure allowed). Changing these measurements can create images such as photographs taken with little light using a long exposure or blurred motion photographs of someone running by slowing the time the lens stays open.

4. Shutter speed and timed exposure. Exposure is the amount of light collected by the sensor in your camera during a single picture.  If the shot is exposed too long the photograph will be washed out.  If the shot is exposed too short the photograph will appear too dark. 

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5. Natural and Artificial LightingLight sources can be either natural or artificial. Sun is the primary source of natural light, and lightbulbs or lamps are the artificial sources. Light is a form of electromagnetic energy that, in the case of natural light, comes from the sun as the source and, in case of artificial light, illuminates via energy from another source.

6. Macro and Micro lenses

Take the two photographs for example. The first image is a very good example of a close up photograph, taken with a Nikon telephoto lens. While the second photograph is a macro shot, allowing for bigger magnification and showing the finest detail. A true macro lens allows the photographer to capture finer detail,  the hairs on an insects face, or the pattern in its eye.

7. Filters a filter is a device or process that removes from a signal some unwanted component or feature. Filtering is a class of signal processing, the defining feature of filters being the complete or partial suppression of some aspect of the signal. Most often, this means removing some frequencies and not others in order to suppress interfering signals and reduce background noise.