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Single-lens Reflex Camera
SLR Camera• camera that uses a semi-automatic
moving mirror system which permits the photographer to sometimes see exactly what will be captured by the film or digital imaging system
• cameras allow the photographer to see the precise focus, color, framing, and brightness that will be recorded on film
Optical components of an SLR camera
1 - Front-mount lens 2 - Reflex mirror at 45degrees 3 - Focal plane shutter4 - Film or sensor5 - Focusing screen6 - Condenser lens7 - Optical glass pentaprism 8 - Eyepiece
History
18th CenturyJohann Sturm (Germany) described
first known use of a reflex mirror in a camera obscura.
• The camera obscura was known to Aristotle as an aid in observing solar eclipses, but its use as an artist's aid
History
19th Century
• Used glass plates or sheet film• first focal-plane shutter SLR
History
Early 20th century
• first production 35 mm• first medium format roll film SLR• first pentaprism eyelevel viewing
35 mm SLR
Further Development of SLR
Large format SLR• describes large photographic films, large
cameras, view cameras and processes that use a film or digital sensor, generally 4 x 5 inches or larger.
• have adjustable fronts and backs that allow the photographer to better control rendering of perspective and depth of field.
Large format SLR• allow the front and/or back of the
camera to be tilted out of parallel with each other, and to be shifted up, down, or sideways.
Medium format SLR
• cameras making use of sensors larger than that of a 35 mm film frame
• most widely used film size to a niche used by many professionals and some amateur enthusiasts
Medium format SLR• images of much higher resolution
can be produced• usually limited to professional
photography shops and very expensive
Advantages
• viewing and focusing the image through the attached lens
• provide photographers with precision and confidence
• no parallax error, and exact focus can be confirmed by eye
• very versatile
Disadvantages
• cannot be made as small or as light as other camera designs
• simple designs for wide angle lenses cannot be used
• SLR mirror 'blacks-out' the viewfinder image during the exposure