Kyoto protocol in the clouds

Kyoto Protocol in the Clouds

Dražen Lučanin,Vienna University of Technologydrazen@infosys.tuwien.ac.at

Introduction Cloud computing

Popular (large-scale, flexible, ubiquitous)

Environmental impact

ICT industry - 2% of all the CO2 emissions

The Kyoto protocol

Attempts to stabilize CO2-equivalent (CO2e) emissions

The cap-and-trade mechanism: CO2e = $

Goals A model integrating clouds with the Kyoto protocol

Emission trading markets (ETMs)

Kyoto protocol

Entities – CO2e emissions bellow a certain cap

Bellow the cap – sell certified emission reductions (CERs) on ETMs

Above the cap – must buy CERs on ETMs

Current state Entities < 25 MtCO2e/year excluded

Cloud providers

Energy producers – highest responsibility

3 biggest losers on the EU ETM

The classical emission-trading

model

The emission-trading cloud model

Controlling en. efficiency

Power usage efficiency (PUE) Infrastructure efficiency

What about the computation? The applications – many, hard to influence

The scheduler

Existing measures Mostly a best-effort manner

Save as long as the user is provisioned

We want an explicit expression How much to provide?

How much to save?

Resource scheduling

Wastage: energy & CO2e

Penalty:SLA violations

Penalty-wastage balance

The wastage cost (linear model):

The (expected) penalty cost (linear model):

The penalty-wastage balance cwastage = E(Cpenal):

Usage potential

Handy input of any Rdemand distribution

Dependent only of the mean and variance

Applicable even without Kyoto measures

To exclude CO2e prices state cco2=0

Potential as a heuristic function Stay close to the statistical equilibrium

Integration with existing schedulers

Conclusion A Kyoto protocol-compliant cloud model

Shifting CO2 responsibilities to cloud providers

Increased chance of fulfilling the Kyoto protocol goals

Energy efficiency control

A wastage-penalty equilibrium

Expresses energy wastage – CO2 and energy price

Explicitly compare it to penalty costs

Applicable in schedulers

Thank you!