US History Ch 13.1

U.S. HistoryChapter 13: Industrial Growth in the NorthSection 1: The Industrial Revolution & America

The Industrial Revolution

•1700s: Most Europeans & Americans were farmers, few skilled workers

•Demand for manufactured goods grows

The Industrial Revolution

•Industrial Revolution:

–Period of rapid growth in manufacturing & production

–Occurred in response to a demand for manufactured goods

The Industrial Revolution

• Breakthroughs in textiles

• James Hargreaves: patented spinning jenny in 1770

Spinning Jenny

The Industrial Revolution

• Richard Arkwright: patented the water frame

• Lowered costs, increased production

Water Frame

Slater & His Secrets

• Samuel Slater: British immigrant & mechanic who opened a mill at Pawtucket, Rhode Island

Samuel Slater

Slater & His Secrets

•New England had many fast-flowing rivers to supply power

•Few mills in South—foucsed on farming

Manufacturing Breakthrough

•Manufacturing done by hand, parts differed

•1790s: war with France possible

Manufacturing Breakthrough

•Technology—tools designed to produce goods or to do work

Manufacturing Breakthrough

• Interchangeable Parts—process developed by Eli Whitney that called for making each vital part of a machine exactly the same

Eli Whitney

Manufacturing Breakthrough

•Acquired contract to build 10,000 guns in two years

•Failed to fulfill contract

Manufacturing Breakthrough

•Mass Production—efficiently making large numbers of identical goods

A Slow Start for Manufacturing

•Manufacturing grew slowly in the U.S.

•Factors:

–High price of labor

–Lack of capital

The War of 1812 & Manufacturing

•British blockaded ports

•Americans begin to buy items from American manufacturers

•Manufacturers expand, investors lend more money

“To be independent for the comforts of life we must fabricate them ourselves. We must now place the manufacturer side by side of the agriculturist.”

--Thomas Jefferson