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ESSENTIAL NATURAL SCIENCE 2Unit 10
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Energy
CONTENTS
RESOURCES
ESSENTIAL NATURAL SCIENCE 2Unit 10
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CONTENTS
Energy
DefinitionCharacteristicsFuture
Types of energy
ChemicalElectricalThermalElectromagneticMechanicalNuclear
Non-renewable energy sources
OilCoalNatural gasUranium
Energy sources
Classification Renewable energy sources
Biomass energyHydroelectric energySolar energyEolic energyGeothermal energyTidal energy
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Definition of energy
Characteristics of energy
Electrical energy
Electromagnetic energy
Chemical energy
Nuclear energy
Thermal energy
Energy sources
Coal
Oil
Natural gas Hydroelectric energy
Uranium
Solar energy Eolic energy
Biomass energy
Geothermal energy
Tidal energy The future of energy
Mechanical energy
Links
Energy resources
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Definition of energy
The ability of a
system to do work.
A physical quantity which produces a change or effect.
ENERGY
Unit of measurement:
the joule (J).
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Characteristics of energy
Energy can be transported. Energy can be transformed.
Energy can be transferred. Energy can be preserved. Energy can be degraded.
Energy can be stored.
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A battery stores chemical energy.
Chemical energy
Food is stored chemical energy.
This is stored energy contained in chemical compounds.
Chemical energy is released during chemical reactions.
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Electrical energy
Electric charge travels through wires in a circuit.
This is energy produced by the flow of electric charge.
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HEAT
Thermal energy
energy transfer
movement of atoms and molecules
This is energy whichis released as heat.
Energy transfer. When two objects at different temperaturesare in contact, heat flows from the hotter to the colder object.
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microwaves
Electromagnetic energy
light
This is energy stored in electromagnetic waves or radiation.
television waves
radio waves
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Mechanical energy
SEE ANIMATION
This is the combination of two energies:
• kinetic energy• potential energy
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Mechanical energy
The blocks have potential energy.
The falling block has kinetic energy but is losing its potential energy as it falls.
The blocks have neither potential nor kinetic energy.
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This is the combination of two energies:
• kinetic energy• potential energy
crane
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Sun
Nuclear energy
energy
The nucleus splits into two or more parts.
Nuclear fusion energy
Nuclear fission
The nucleus joins to other nuclei.
Nuclear power stationAtomic explosion
This is energy stored in the nuclei of atoms.
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Energy sources
Renewable and non-renewable energy sources used to produce electricity (2005)
coal
natural gas
oil
8.9 %
19.9 %
28.2 %
16.6 %26.2 %
uranium
Renewable energy sources
49.1 %45.2 %
4 %
hydroelectric energy eolic energy
biomassenergy
1% solar energy
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Uses: electricity, fuel, heat chemicals,
plastics, etc.
crude oil
Oil
refining process
transportpipeline
extraction
A naturally ocurring thick, flammable liquid.
Remains of plants and animals
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Coal
Open pit mines
Underground mines
Uses: electricity, heat, steel
An organic sedimentary rock formed from plant material.
Anthracite coal produces the most heat.
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gas pipeline
Natural gas
transport
liquification
extraction
Uses:electricity, heat, fuel
Regasification facility
A gaseous fossil fuel, consisting mainly of methane.
It is found in oil felds, natural gas fields and coal beds.
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Uranium
cooling tower
transformer
generator
condensersteam generator
reactor core (uranium fuel)
control rods
turbine
A natural occurring element found in rock, soil and water.
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Uses: heat, electricity and gases, such as ethanol
Biomass energy
This is energy obtained when organic matter is burned.
Energy crops
Organic waste
Plant materials
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Hydroelectric energy
transformer
generator
Hydroelectric power station
lock gate
turbine
This is energy produced by the movement of water.
maximum kinetic energyminimum potential energy
Uses: heat, electricity
minimum kinetic energymaximum potential energy
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Solar energy
Lighthouse
This is energy derived from sunlight.
HomesPhotovoltaic solar power facility
Uses: heat, electricity
hot water out
cold water in
Solar water heater
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Eolic energy
blades
tower
anemometer and wind vane
shaft
generator
Wind turbine
This is kinetic energy produced by the wind.
Wind farm
Uses: heat, electricity
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Geothermal energy
volcanic areas
hot springs and geysers
Uses: heating systems
This is energy generated by the heat from within the Earth.
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Tidal energy
This is energy generated from ocean movement, mainly from tides.
SEE ANIMATION
High tide
Low tide
Energy is generated by the difference in height between high and low tide.
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turbine
generator
low tideLock gate opens.
Water flows out of the reservoir.
Lock gate closes.
The reservoir is full of water.Water flows into the reservoir.
Lock gate opens.
Tidal energy
This is energy generated from ocean movement, mainly from tides.
TIDAL POWER STATION
High tide
Low tide
Energy is generated by the difference in height between high and low tide.
high tide
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The future of energy
CLICK ON THE MAGNIFIERS FOR WAYS TO SAVE ENERGY.
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The future of energy
Turn off the lights when you leave a room.
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The future of energy
Turn off electrical equipment and appliances.
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The future of energy
Use efficient appliances.
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The future of energy
Wash only full loads.
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The future of energy
Use a pressure cooker and residual heat.
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The future of energy
Use fluorescent lights.
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The future of energy
Recycle paper and glass.
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The future of energy
Seal air leaks.
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The future of energy
Use public transport.
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Links
Kids saving energyhttp://www.eere.energy.gov/kids/
Solar energy for kidshttp://www.solarenergy.org/resources/youngkids.html
Energy kidshttp://www.alliantenergykids.com/stellent2/groups/public/documents/pub/phk_001537.hcsp
Interactive quizzes about energyhttp://library.thinkquest.org/05aug/00281/english/stopics/interactive/fossilquiz.htm
How renewable energy workshttp://www.energysavingtrust.org.uk/generate_your_own_energy/how_renewable_energy_works
Energyhttp://www.iptv.org/exploremore/energy/profiles/profiles.cfm
Energy storyhttp://www.energyquest.ca.gov/story/index.html
Energy: fuelling the futurehttp://www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/energy/
Energy resourceshttp://www.eia.doe.gov/kids/energyfacts/
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