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Science in Our World
Measurement
Fact: an observation that has been repeatedly confirmed and is accepted as true.
Theory – explanation for hypothesis and observations that have been supported by testing, it explains and predicts
Law – summary of many experimental results and observations, tells you how things work
Vocabulary
Scientific Models
A model is a substitute or stand-in for what you are actually studying or trying to predict. They are convenient. Models are similar to what they represent even if they are not exact:
• can be larger or smaller• can be different colors• may not act the same• they do have limitations!
.
Types of Models
Physical Models- look like the objects they are modeling.
Ex. A globe is a physical model of the earth.
Mathematical Models– made up of mathematical equations and data.Ex. Newton’s Law in Physics.
Types of Models
Conceptual Models – system of ideas, groupings, or classification. Ex. Kingdoms and
Domains.
Measurement
International System of Units (SI System)• Metric System• Used all over the World• Improves communication between scientists
KHD_M_DCM modelMnemonic!King Henry Dances Merrily Down Central Main
LazilyGracefully
K H D_M_D C M model
Mnemonic!King Henry Dances Merrily Down Central Main
LazilyGracefully
The others are prefixesK = Kilo = x1000H = Hecto = x100D = Deka = x10
d = deci = x .10c = centi = x .100m = milli = x .1000
Base Units ChangeM = metersL = litersG = grams
Measurement
LengthSI Unit - meter
AreaHow much surface an object hasArea = Length x Width
= square units = cm2, m2, km2
L
W
Measurement
LW
H
VolumeAmount of space something occupies or amount
of space something takes up
Volume of a rectangular prism
Volume = Length x Width x Height = cubic units = cm3, m3, km3
Volume of irregular shaped objects?
Measurement
Volume of irregular shaped objectsAmount of space something occupies or
amount of space something takes up
Volume = Amount of water the object displaces= cubic units = mL3, L3
Ex. A graduated cylinder has a water level of 200 mL. A rock is dropped into the graduated cylinder and displaces the water up to 300 mL. What is the volume of the rock?
300 mL – 200 mL = 100 ml3
Measurement
MassAmount of matter in an object.Usually measured in kilograms (large items)
or grams (small items)
Which has more mass, a kilogram of feathers or a kilogram of bricks?
Measurement
Weight
The pull of gravity on an object or how heavy something is.
Usually measured in kilograms (large items) or grams (small items)
Where do you weigh more, Earth or the moon?
Measurement
Density
A physical property that describes the mass per unit volume of a substance.
Mnemonic – Density is a “broken heart”.
D = ---------- or Density = -------------- D = ---------- or Density = -------------- MassVolume
MeasurementTemperature
Measure of how hot or cold an object isExpressed as degrees Fahrenheit,
degrees Celsius, or Kelvin (SI)
• Water boils at 212° F and 100° C• Water freezes at 32° F and 0° C• Body temperature is about 98.6° F
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