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Open Policymaking in France
2011 – 2014: Perspectives on 3 Years of
Data-Driven Policies
Romain Lacombe Former Head of InnovationFrench Prime Minister’s Taskforce Etalab for Open Government Data (data.gouv.fr)London – June 20th, 2014
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April 24, 2014
France joins the Open Government Partnership
(OGP Logo)
Source: OGP
…with a bit of help from Great Britain!
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Following up on the joint declaration between the President of the French Republic and the President of
Mexico on April 11, 2014, the Minister for State Reform formally
announced our intention to join the Partnership
on April 24, 2014 during the inaugural Paris Conference on Open Data & Open Government.
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What does this mean?Why does it matter?
How did we get there?
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France joins a group of 64 countries committed to working together with civil society to make ‘their governments more open,
accountable and responsive to citizens.’
Source: OGP
6
What does this mean?
Why does it matter?How did we get there?
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Because Open Data matters!
France joining the OGP will help us bring our Open Data policy and its benefits to citizens even further along.
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New expression of democratic principles
Transparency – Openness – Innovation
Source: CC-BY-SA Romain Lacombe
Transparency: holding governments to account
Openness: making governments more effective
Innovation: empowering innovators worldwide
Meeting deep & rising expectations
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transparencyaccountabilityempowerment
Source: Google Ngram Viewer
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ExamplesA few notable cases of applications built by French
innovators on top of open government data
Perspective on collective choicesData visualization of the national budget by LeMonde.fr
11Source: LeMonde.fr
Informing individual choicesData-driven electoral program comparison platform Voxe.org
12Source: Voxe.org
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Anchoring public debate to factsPolitical discourse fact-checking platform Véritomètre by OWNI.fr
Source: OWNI.fr
Modernizing public communication Interactive presentation of French cultural policy by UserStudio
Source: User Studio
Regulation through choice & transparency
Healthcare quality map ScopeSanté by Dataveyes
Source: Dataveyes
Toward predictive public services?Public transit traffic prediction app Tranquilien by :SNIPS
Source: :SNIPS
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What does this mean?Why does it matter?
How did we get there?
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Open policymaking!France’s Open Data initiative builds upon a (slowly evolving)
tradition of open policymaking and public consultation enhanced by data-driven policy strategies, dating back to
the principles of 1789.
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Open Policymaking in France
The principles of 1789
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1789
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August 26, 1789
Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen
Article 15: ‘Society has the right to hold any public agent accountable of its administration.’
Source: Cour des Comptes
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1978
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July, 1978
Right to Access Information‘Administrative secret’ abolished by law:
Citizens can access all public information contained in administrative documents
Strictly defined confidentiality exceptions: privacy, trade secrets, national security, etc.
An independent authority is created as a recourse for citizens to appeal the administration’s response.
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1997
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1997
Access to legal informationLegifrance.gouv.fr gives citizens comprehensive access to law
Source: Legifrance
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2003
2003
Right to Reuse Information
Public Sector Information (‘PSI’) EU Directive asks member states to pass laws that
allow public data reuse:
Access to documents:
Analog
Synthetic
Static
vs. Data reuse:
Digital
Granular
Dynamic
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2010
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2010
Open Data on the agendaCivil society and researchers petition government:
Source: Documentation française
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2010
Open Data policy announced
July 2010: The President of the French Republic announces an open data policy as part of the government modernization review committee.
November 2010: the creation of a governmental taskforce is announced by the Council of Ministers.
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Open Policymaking in France
Building Etalab: a startup inside government
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2011
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February 21, 2011
Taskforce Etalab
Created under the Prime Minister’s authority with a mandate to coordinate the release of public data
by governmental departments.
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May 26, 2011
Executive order on Open Data
Formalizes France’s open data strategy and its objectives
Commitment to free access to and free reuse of public data as exhaustively as possible
In machine-readable formats with emphasis on open standards
Based on the first discussions and open workshops with civil society held in the Spring of 2011
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October 18, 2011
Open Licence released
‘Licence Ouverte / Open Licence’:
Clarifying re-users rights and responsibilities
Committing public sector bodies to publish data openly and exhaustively
Applies to all public data at national level
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December 5, 2011
Launch of Data.gouv.fr
Core datasets:
National budget and detailed annexes
Fiscal policy
Education
Environment
Road safety
Crime data
Healthcare infrastructure, …
Source: Etalab
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2012
Engaging with civil societyBuilding demand for data
Hosting and participating in hackathons and collaborative coding & designing events
On a variety of themes with data to supports innovation
Outside of government… and inside! :)
Source: CC-BY-SA Romain Lacombe
Empowering data innovatorsConnecting innovators to partners, talent & resources
A community and series of contests accelerating access to resources for data-driven startups:
Source: Etalab
Catalyzing a data ecosystem in France4 DataConnexions contests & 32 startup laureates, including:
Source: Etalab
Open Data as a governance strategy
October 31st, 2012
Etalab joins the new Secretariat General for
Public Sector Modernization:
Open Data is one of the pillars of the new government reform policy
Taskforce Etalab benefits from closer collaboration with the Government’s CIO
Quarterly ministerial level committees
Source: SGMAP
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Open Policymaking in France
The next steps: from Open Data
to Open Government
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2013
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February, 2013
New strategy for public data sharingRenew commitment to Open Data
as part of the government’s digital roadmap
Building on the governmental charter signed by each minister which mentioned committing to free and widespread reuse of public data.
Announces public debates on access to and reuse of data in key sectors:
• Healthcare• Transportatio
n• Environment
• Research• Fiscal policy• Housing
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June, 2013
Collaborative open data policymakingDesigning the next version of data.gouv.fr with its users
Hackathons and collaborative design events
Inside and outside government
Open to anyone
More than 12 events in 2 months to jumpstart development of new data.gouv.fr
Source: Etalab
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June 16, 2013
G8 Open Data CharterThe Heads of State of the G8 member countries expressed a shared
commitment to Open Data for a more transparent world.
Source: CC-BY-SA Romain Lacombe
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September, 2013
Progress towards free reuse for all public datasets
A report to the Prime Minister highlights the need to transform the business models of the few public operators that still sell access to datasets.
Decision: civil and case law data to be freely reusable.
Source: Etalab
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November 8, 2011
France’s G8 Open Data Action Plan
France commits to engaging with open data innovators worldwide
Joint effort with other G8 governments
Source: Etalab
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The new Data.gouv.frFirst fully open platform for any national government: citizens
and data innovators can share their own apps & datasets!
Source: Etalab
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2014 & beyond
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Building on the Open Data momentumThe open platform has doubled data reuse to date!
Source: Etalab
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Expanding the ‘government startup’ model
Along with the creation of a Chief Data Officer for France
Source: Etalab
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Expanding international collaborationBuilding on existing outreach and collaboration effort
Engaging with international institutions
Technical assistance to francophone and partner countries
Exchanging with other governments through the Open Government Partnership
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France’s OGP Action PlanAnnounced for November 2014
Elaborating a roadmap to 2016 with civil society:
Transcription of EU Directive into new law on access to information
Open & collaborative action plan review process
Started with the Paris Conference on Open Data workshops (April 25, 2014)
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Open Policymaking in France
The limits of data-drivenstrategies
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Data requires infrastructureWidespread access to open data requires comprehensive
government IT systems reform and streamlining.
Silver lining: ‘never waste a good crisis!’ – opportunity to focus IT reform efforts on open architectures
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There is no such thing as ‘un-biased data’
France’s 2008 ‘Active Solidarity’ benefits reform was predicated on a randomized control trial. It was designed to be
random… until partisan politics and regional power structures channeled funding towards politically important areas.
Silver lining: more attention paid to the data collection process
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‘Code solves arguments’… but data does not (always)
Traditional public debates regularly bump into a combination of NIMBYism, over-representation of concentrated interests, or
arguments over experts’ point of view etc.
Silver lining: open data apps democratize civic involvement
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Data might simply not existOpen data activists and external stakeholders sometimes insist
on access to data that exists only in their minds.
Silver lining: opportunity to upgrade data collection process and raise the quality of monitoring & evaluation of public
policies
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The data economy challenges our institutions
Ex: OpenSteetMap vs. ‘Institut Géographique National’
and the rise of distributed networks of mobile sensors.
Silver lining: raises the question of democracy in an age of data
• What rules for private data of public significance? • How can we harness data sciences to improve public
service?• Can the Internet of Things, wearable technologies & connected devices help generate new sources of data?
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Open Policymaking in France
A few lessons learned… the hard way!
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Platforms > pyramids
Source: CC-BY-SA Romain Lacombe
Governments can serve citizens much more effectivelyby working like networks rather than hierarchies
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Innovation before regulation
Source: CC-BY-SA Romain Lacombe
Addressing the policy challenges of tomorrow means encouraging innovation today to build homegrown information industries
64Source: CC-BY-SA Romain Lacombe
Empower innovators
(Some) citizens are eager to collaborate and work for the greater good. Listen, help out, and get out of the way!
Thank you!
Questions?
Romain Lacombe Former Head of InnovationFrench Prime Minister’s Taskforce Etalab for Open Government Data (data.gouv.fr)London – June 20th, 2014
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