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the Power of Storage SSDs to SAN
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© 2009 IBM Corporation
All statements regarding IBM's future direction and intent are subject to change without notice, and represent goals and objectives only.
The Power of Storage – SSDs to SAN
IBM Power Systems
Craig Johnson
Power Systems Software
© 2009 IBM Corporation
All statements regarding IBM's future direction and intent are subject to change without notice, and represent goals and objectives only.
The Power of i – Solid State Drives
IBM Power Systems
Mark Olson
Power Systems Hardware
© 2009 IBM Corporation
IBM Power Systems
3
Solid State Drives (SSD) Matching Applications’ Need
Today‟s applications can often benefit with a faster storage option
SSD high speed can really help get rid of I/O bottlenecks, bridging the gap between memory and disk speeds
– Improve performance
– And save space, energy at the same time
Processors Memory DiskSSD
Very, very, very, very, very fast
Very, very, very fast
Very, very slow comparativelyFast
< 10‟s ns ~100 ns ~200,000 ns1,000,000 -
8,000,000 ns
Access Speed
© 2009 IBM Corporation
IBM Power Systems
4
SSD Performance – Magnitudes Faster than Disk (HDD)
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
SSD HDD
Random I/O’s per second(Sustained )
Performance
SSD
HDD
Capacity
HDD
SSD
best bestCost
Cost
© 2009 IBM Corporation
IBM Power Systems
5
Example: Batch Window Reduction
Bank running IBM i needed to reduce month
end batch run time from 4+ hours to under 3
hours
SSDs cut 1.5 hours from batch run time
– Plus a 16% reduction in # of disk drives
Leveraged recent IBM i enhancements
– Directed 8 DB2 Objects (table, index, view) to SSD
Batch Performance Runs
0
1
2
3
4
5
Ho
urs
72 HDD 72 HDD + 8 SSD 60 HDD + 4 SSD
# of SAS
Disk Drives
# of
SSDs
Batch Run
Time
Base run 72 0 4:22
SSD run 1 72 8 2:43
SSD run 2 60 4 2:48
40% Reduction
Source: IBM Power Systems Performance and Benchmark Center 5-23-09
© 2009 IBM Corporation
IBM Power Systems
6
Mixed SSD + HDD Can be Great Solution
Cold
Hot
Hot data may be only 10-20% capacity, but represent 80-90% activity
SSD offers best price performance when focused on “hot” data
HDD offers best storage cost, so focus it on “cold” data …. a hierarchal approach
It is typical for data bases to have a large percentage of data which is infrequently used
(“cold”) and a small percentage of data which is frequently used (“hot”)
May be able to use larger HDD and/or a larger % capacity used
Can run SSD closer to 100% capacity
© 2009 IBM Corporation
IBM Power Systems
7
Implementing “Hot” and “Cold” Data
IBM i 5.4 and later offers best integrated SSD options in the industry
Three options, (can use separately or all together):
1. SSD “Trace and Balance” function part of IBM i
– Monitors by partition or Aux Storage Pool to determine hot/cold
– Upon request, automatically moves hot data to SSD, cold to HDD
– Can re-monitor & rebalance any time
2. Can specify specific data base objects to be placed on SSD
3. A few key OS files automatically placed on SSD if present
© 2009 IBM Corporation
IBM Power Systems
8
Scenario: Complete HDD Refresh
Modernize older HDD subsystem, replacing all old HDD with new SSD+HDD Put “hot” active data on SSD & put “cold” data on HDD
– Combination has better price performance than using all SSD Save space, power/cooling, improve performance and increase storage capacity
POWER5/6 5xx w/ older SCSI disk (360) 35GB disk = 12.6 TB 152 U rack space (4.1 racks)
POWER6 5xx w/ SSD & newer SAS disk (32) 69 GB SSD = 2.2 TB (48) 282 GB disk = 13.5 TB 36 U rack space (1 rack)
Assumptions: Amount customer useable space net of parity protection not shown Ratio of hot to cold data for this scenario = 1 : 6 Will vary by client and application * Impact/benefit of using a higher % of drive‟s capacity not considered Example uses 4 partitions equal in size and configuration for disk and controllers
4.5x fewer drives25% higher capacity
© 2009 IBM Corporation
IBM Power Systems
9
Scenario: Existing HDD Refresh - SSD Turbo-charger
Problem: Older HDD not meeting performance needs Normal tuning efforts have not worked Prefer not to mix newer HDD with older HDD Leases/budgets make it difficult to replace existing HDD Prefer not to invest more money in additional older HDD
Solution: Add SSD and keep HDD. Put “hot” data on SSD & keep “cold” data on HDD SSD gives performance boost to system …. SWAG 20-30% SSD provides new technology investment HDD usable capacity now larger … SWAG 20-30%...as average capacity utilization increased HDD financial investment protected/leveraged
POWER6 5xx w/ older SCSI disk(360) 35GB disk = 12.6 TB
(12) 69 GB SSD = 756 GPlus xx% more GB usable from HDD
Assume
• older drives 30% data capacity
• 80-20 cold-hot split
Then: 12 SSD covers hot data needsSystem configuration and usage will impact results and applicability
© 2009 IBM Corporation
IBM Power Systems
10
Scenario: Existing SAN Refresh - SSD Turbo-charger
Problem: Older HDD in SAN not meeting performance needs
Normal tuning efforts have not worked
Leases/budgets make it difficult to replace existing SAN
Prefer not to invest more money in additional older SAN resource
Solution: Add SSD and keep SAN. Put “hot” data on SSD & keep “cold” data on SAN
SSD gives performance boost to system …. SWAG 20-40%
SSD provides new technology investment
SAN usable capacity can be larger SWAG 10-20%...as average capacity utilization increased
HDD financial investment protected/leveraged
Same scenario works for SAN
(12) 69 GB SSD = 756 GPlus xx% more GB usable from HDD
Assume
• older drives 30% data capacity
• 80-20 cold-hot split
Then: 12 SSD covers hot data needsSystem configuration and usage will impact results and applicability
Note – additional operational considerations if SAN using higher level functions such as flash copy, metro mirroring, etc.
© 2009 IBM Corporation
IBM Power Systems
11
Will SSD Benefit Your POWER6 Configuration?
Yes, will benefit, BUT want to focus SSD use where the best return on investment (ROI) – addressing your batch window or response time challenges caused by I/O bottleneck
SSD‟s best ROI is with workloads with high percentage of random reads,
– Lower ROI with high percentage writes or predictable reads
Quick, easy way to analyze your specific configuration: just-released SSD Analyzer Tool & instructions
– Down load from IBM Techdocshttp://www.ibm.com/support/techdocs/atsmastr.nsf/WebIndex/PRS3780
– Collect performance data as usual on IBM i 5.4 or 6.1 system
– SSD Analyzer evaluates collected data
Provides a “yes”, “probably no”, or “maybe” answer
IBM Techline and/or ATS marketing support groups can then further assist in analyzing details of SSD configuration needed
© 2009 IBM Corporation
IBM Power Systems
12
Some SSD Specifics SFF SSD
3.5-inch SSD
69.7 GB capacity per SSD drive
– Enterprise class SSD (not cheap PC SSD)
SSD Located on POWER6 server
– 3.5-inch SAS drive bay of #5886 EXP 12S SAS Disk Drawer
– 3.5-inch SAS drive bay of Power 560/570 CEC
– SFF drive bay of Power 520/550 CEC
SFF & 3.5” attached to SAS adapter, just like “classic” SAS disk drives
– PCI-X 1.5 GB cache controller
– Embedded controller of Power 520/550 and Power 560/570
• Less horsepower than 1.5 GB controller, lower price
Contents protected like “classic” SAS drives
– Mirroring, RAID-5 or RAID-6 (and hot spare)
IBM i 5.4 or later
POWER6 servers (not POWER5 or earlier)
© 2009 IBM Corporation
IBM Power Systems
13
Power Systems SSD White Papers
IBM i-specific
– “Performance Value of Solid State Drives using IBM i”
– First published May 2009
More technology specific – AIX/IBM i/Linux appropriate
– “Performance Impacts of Flash SSDs Upon IBM Power Systems”
– First published June 2009
AIX-specific
– “Driving Business Value on Power Systems with Solid State Drives”
– First published April 2009
Above papers in Power Systems web site under “Resources/Literature”
– http://www.ibm.com/common/ssi/apilite?infotype=SA&infosubt=WH&lastdays=1825&hitlimit=2
00&ctvwcode=US&pubno=POW*USEN&appname=STGE_PO_PO_USEN_WH&additional=summ
ary&contents=keeponlit
SAP environment white paper with IBM i in SAP web site
– http://www.sdn.sap.com/irj/sdn/db4?rid=/library/uuid/90a1637e-065f-2c10-3ab7-bea9375fc88d
© 2009 IBM Corporation
All statements regarding IBM's future direction and intent are subject to change without notice, and represent goals and objectives only.
The Power of i – SAN Capabilities
Vess Natchev
IBM Systems Lab Services & Training
© 2009 IBM Corporation
IBM Power Systems
15
IBM i Direct Support for DS5000*
IBM i plans to support direct attachment to DS5000 storage in 4Q 2009 to enable simpler SAN planning and leverage midrange open storage
DS5000 benefits– Multiple RAID levels, including RAID 6
– Custom XOR processor for RAID calculations
– Consolidated storage for IBM i, Unix, Linux, Windows applications
– Can use FC or SATA drives
FC strongly recommended for IBM i production workloads
Support statements:– DS5100 and DS5300 only in 4Q 2009
– IBM 6.1.1
– POWER6 hardware
– POWER5(+) hardware not supported
– IBM 5.4 and 5.4.5 not supported
– Smart FC adapter (#5735, #5774, #5749 only)
– PowerVM and VIOS not required
DS5000 performance for IBM i– Significant improvement over DS4000 through VIOS, esp. RAID5
– Similar to DS5000 through VIOS
Power Hypervisor
* All statements regarding IBM's future direction and intent are subject to change or
withdrawal without notice, and represent goals and objectives only.
© 2009 IBM Corporation
IBM Power Systems
16
IBM i VIOS Support for DS5000
IBM i supports IBM DS5100 and DS5300 with PowerVM VIOS configurations to leverage the latest midrange storage offerings for storage consolidation of multiple workloads
DS5000 benefits– Multiple RAID levels, including RAID 6
– Custom XOR processor for RAID calculations
– Consolidated storage for IBM i, Unix, Linux, Windows applications
– Can use FC or SATA drives
FC strongly recommended for IBM i production workloads
VIOS can virtualize DS5000 storage to IBM i, AIX, Linux– PowerVM VIOS configurations with IBM i 6.1 partitions
– POWER6 processor-based tower and rack servers
– IBM is planning to support POWER6 processor-based blades
DS5000 performance for IBM i– Significant improvement over DS4000, esp. RAID5
– See DS5000 performance white paper at http://www.ibm.com/systems/i/advantages/perfmgmt/resource.html
Power Hypervisor
VIOS
© 2009 IBM Corporation
IBM Power Systems
17
IBM i VIOS Support for SVC
Power Hypervisor
VIOS
http://www-03.ibm.com/systems/storage/software/virtualization/svc/specifications.html
IBM i supports IBM Systems Storage SAN Volume Controller with PowerVM VIOS configurations to help reduce costs and improve flexibility of enterprise storage environments
SVC is combines storage capacity from multiple disk systems into a single reservoir that can be used by multiple servers
– Increasing storage virtualization
– Improving productivity of storage administrators
– Enhancing availability with copy services
SVC supports heterogeneous storage and operating systems– Storage: including IBM and non-IBM disk subsystems
– Support based on SVC data sheet
– OS: including AIX, Linux, Windows, and UNIX
VIOS can virtualize SVC storage to IBM i – PowerVM VIOS configurations with IBM i 6.1 partitions
– SVC and SVC Entry Editions
– POWER6 processor-based servers and blades
© 2009 IBM Corporation
IBM Power Systems
18
IBM i VIOS Support for XIV
Power Hypervisor
VIOS
http://www-03.ibm.com/systems/storage/software/virtualization/svc/specifications.html
IBM i supports IBM XIV Storage System with PowerVM VIOS configurations to leverage simplicity in SAN configuration
XIV benefits:– Massive parallelism
– No arm skew (hot spots)
– Thin provisioning built-in
– Ease of configuration (no RAID array creation, simple GUI)
– Rapid self-healing
– Off-the-shelf components (cost)
VIOS can virtualize XIV storage to IBM i– PowerVM VIOS configurations with IBM i 6.1 partitions
– POWER6 processor-based servers and blades
© 2009 IBM Corporation
IBM Power Systems
19
IBM Systems Storage Support for IBM i
Direct Attach
DS5100* DS5300* DS6800 DS8100 DS8300
Systems POWER6* POWER6* POWER5/6 POWER5/6* POWER5/6*
Ports (max) Fibre -8 Fibre -16 Fibre - 8 Fibre - 64 Fibre - 128
# of drives (max) 256
FC/SATA
448
FC/SATA
128
FC, FATA
384
FC, FATA
1024
FC, FATA
Cache (max) 8 GB 16 GB 4 GB 128 GB 256 GB
RAID 0, 1, 3, 5, 6, 10 0, 1, 3, 5, 6, 10 5, 10 5, 6, 10 5, 6, 10
System Storage Managed
FlashCopy Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Metro Mirror Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Global Mirror Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
PowerHA Managed
Metro Mirror No No Yes Yes Yes
Global Mirror No No Yes Yes Yes
Geo Mirror Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Logical Replication
iCluster & Other Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
•Source: http://www-03.ibm.com/systems/storage/disk/product-compare.html
* All statements regarding IBM's future direction and intent are subject to change or
withdrawal without notice, and represent goals and objectives only.
© 2009 IBM Corporation
IBM Power Systems
20
IBM Systems Storage Support for IBM i
PowerVM VIOS Attach
DS3200 DS3400 DS4700 DS4800 DS5100 DS5300 XIV
Systems BladeCenter S
and H
POWER6
BladeCenter H
POWER6
BladeCenter H
POWER6
BladeCenter H
POWER6
BladeCenter H
POWER6
BladeCenter H
POWER6
BladeCenter H
VIOS Yes Yes Yes Yes Optional Optional Yes
Ports (max) SAS - 4 Fibre - 4 Fibre - 8 Fibre -8 Fibre -8 Fibre -16 Fibre -24
# of drives (max) 48 SAS/SATA 48 SAS/SATA 112
FC/SATA
224
FC/SATA
256
FC/SATA
448
FC/SATA
180
SATA
Cache (max) 1 GB 1 GB 4 GB 16 GB 8 GB 16 GB 120 GB
RAID 0, 1, 3, 5, 6, 10 0, 1, 3, 5, 6, 10 0, 1, 3, 5, 6, 10 0, 1, 3, 5, 10 0, 1, 3, 5, 6, 10 0, 1, 3, 5, 6, 10 Mirrored
System Storage Managed
FlashCopy Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Metro Mirror No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Global Mirror No No Yes Yes Yes Yes No
PowerHA Managed
Metro Mirror No No No No No No No
Global Mirror No No No No No No No
Geo Mirror Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Logical Replication
iCluster & Other Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
•Source: http://www-03.ibm.com/systems/storage/disk/product-compare.html
© 2009 IBM Corporation
IBM Power Systems
21
How to Configure Open Storage for IBM i
Step 1: Perform sizing
– Use Disk Magic, where applicable
– Use the PCRM, Ch. 14.5 – http://www.ibm.com/systems/i/advantages/perfmgmt/resource.html
– Number of physical drives is still most important
– VIOS itself does not add significant disk I/O overhead
– For production workloads, keep each i partition on a separate RAID array
Step 2: Use appropriate storage UI and Redbook for your environment to create LUNs for IBM i and attach to VIOS (or
use TPC or SSPC where applicable)
DS Storage Manager for
DS3200, DS3400, DS4700,
DS4800, DS5100, DS5300
DS8000 Storage Manager
for DS8100 and DS8300
SVC Console for
SVC
Before you start: IBM i Virtualization and Open Storage Read-me First –http://www.ibm.com/systems/i/os/
XIV Storage GUI for
XIV
© 2009 IBM Corporation
IBM Power Systems
22
How to Configure Open Storage for IBM i, Cont.
Step 3: Assign LUNs to IBM i
– „cfgdev‟ in VIOS CLI necessary to detect new physical volumes if VIOS is running
– Virtualize whole LUNs/drives (“physical volumes”) to IBM i
– Do not use storage pools in VIOS
If using
HMC
If using
IVM
– Create VSCSI adapters for VIOS
and IBM i partitions
– Assign LUNs to IBM i in HMC
Requires latest HMC release
– Assign LUNs to IBM i in IVM
© 2009 IBM Corporation
IBM Power Systems
23
VIOS Configuration: HMC System
1) Assign XIV volumes to FC adapters in VIOS using WWPNs2) In HMC: System->Configuration->Virtual Resources->Virtual Storage Management
No need to use VIOS command line
Assign volume to correct IBM i LPAR
Volume then becomes available to IBM i as DDxx
© 2009 IBM Corporation
IBM Power Systems
24
VIOS Configuration: IVM System
1) Assign XIV volumes to FC adapters in VIOS using WWPNs2) In IVM: View/Modify Virtual Storage Physical Volumes
No need to use VIOS command line
Assign volume to correct IBM i LPAR
Volume then becomes available to IBM i as DDxx
© 2009 IBM Corporation
IBM Power Systems
25
IBM i View: Service Tools I
Virtual storage IOA is the VSCSI client adapter in IBM i partition
Disk units are virtual target devices mapped to LUNs in VIOS
Disk units show the same type and model regardless of backend storage subsystem
© 2009 IBM Corporation
IBM Power Systems
26
IBM i View: Service Tools II
No concept of “IBM i protected” and “IBM i unprotected” LUNs with open storage
Standard open storage LUNs created, attached to AIX/VIOS-type host
Once virtualized by VIOS, LUNs will appear unprotected in IBM i
LUNs should not be mirrored in IBM (already protected on SAN)
LUNs assigned to ASPs/IASPs as any other disk
© 2009 IBM Corporation
IBM Power Systems
27
IBM i View: Operating System
Type of virtualized disk is always 6B22 (same as when IBM i is hosting IBM i)
Size does not have to match physical disk unit sizes
Supported sizes for LUNs through VIOS are 160MB – 2TB
© 2009 IBM Corporation
IBM Power Systems
28
• Production LPAR on IBM Power
server or Power Blade
• IBM i as client of VIOS
• Backup LPAR on IBM Power server or Power blade
• IBM i as client of VIOS
• DS4700, DS4800, DS5100, DS5300
• FlashCopy or Volume Copy
• Full system only
DS4000/DS5000 Copy Services – Flash Copy
Fibre Channel
Fibre Channel
• DS4000/DS5000 FlashCopy and VolumeCopy
are supported by IBM as a client of VIOS on
both IBM Power servers and IBM Power blades
• Full-system FlashCopy and VolumeCopy
when the production IBM i logical partition
(LPAR) is powered off are supported
• Full-system FlashCopy and VolumeCopy
when the production IBM i LPAR is in restricted
state are supported
• The DS4000/DS5000 'disable' and 're-create'
functions with full-system FlashCopy and
VolumeCopy when the production IBM i LPAR is
powered off or is in restricted state are
supported
• Full-system FlashCopy and VolumeCopy of
the production IBM i logical partition (LPAR)
after only using the IBM i 6.1 memory flush to
disk (quiesce) function are not supported
• Full-system FlashCopy and VolumeCopy
when the production IBM i LPAR is running are
not supported
• FlashCopy and VolumeCopy of Independent
Auxiliary Storage Pools (IASPs) are not
supported
• Manual solution
• No toolkit available
• Not supported by PowerHA
See IBM i Virtualization and Open Storage Read-me First (Ch. 12) – http://www.ibm.com/systems/i/os/
© 2009 IBM Corporation
IBM Power Systems
29
• DS4700, DS4800, DS5100, DS5300
• Metro and Global Mirror
• Full system only
Fibre Channel
DS4000/DS5000 Copy Services – Replication
Fibre Channel
• PowerHA for IBM i (Geographic Mirroring,
specifically) is also supported and is lead-with
solution
• DS4000/DS5000 ERM is supported by IBM
as a client of VIOS on both IBM Power
servers and IBM Power blades
• Metro and Global Mirror are supported
• Metro and Global Mirror for planned failover
(IBM i production LPAR is powered off) are
supported
• Metro and Global Mirror for planned failover
(IBM i production LPAR is running) are
supported
• Replication of IASPs is not supported
• Suspending replication and accessing the
replicated LUNs on backup site is not
supported
• Manual solution
• No toolkit available
• Not supported by PowerHA
See IBM i Virtualization and Open Storage Read-me First (Ch. 12) – http://www.ibm.com/systems/i/os/
• Production LPAR on IBM Power
server or Power Blade
• IBM i as client of VIOS
• Backup LPAR on IBM Power server or Power blade
• IBM i as client of VIOS
© 2009 IBM Corporation
IBM Power Systems
30
IBM Systems Lab Services Virtualization Program
What is it?– Free presales technical assistance from Lab Services
– Help with virtualization solutions:
Open storage
Power blades
IBM Systems Director VMControl
Other PowerVM technologies
– Design solution, hold Q&A session with client, verify hardware configuration
Who can use it?– IBMers, Business Partners, clients
How do I use it?– Contact Lab Services – Sandy Brow sbrow@us.ibm.com
– Complete nomination form; send form in
– Participate in assessment call with Virtualization Program team
– Work with dedicated Lab Services technical resource to design solution
© 2009 IBM Corporation
IBM Power Systems
31
Vouchers for Power Systems
Free postsales getting-started assistance from Lab Services
http://www.ibm.com/systems/power/hardware/vouchers/index.html
© 2009 IBM Corporation
IBM Power Systems
32
Documentation
Performance–Latest Performance Capabilities Reference manual, Chapter 14.5 –
http://www.ibm.com/systems/i/advantages/perfmgmt/resource.html
–Disk Magic strongly recommended for sizing
Implementation and support statements– IBM i Virtualization and Open Storage Read-me First (2nd half) – http://www.ibm.com/systems/i/os/
Implementation– IBM i and Midrange External Storage Redbook
VIOS
–PowerVM Editions Guide: http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/systems/scope/hw/index.jsp?topic=/arecu/arecukickoff.htm
–VIOS command line – http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/systems/scope/hw/index.jsp?topic=/iphb1/iphb1_vios_commandslist.htm
–VIOS-only support statements – http://www14.software.ibm.com/webapp/set2/sas/f/vios/documentation/datasheet.html
© 2009 IBM Corporation
IBM Power Systems
33
© 2009 IBM Corporation
IBM Power Systems
34
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© 2009 IBM Corporation
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35
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