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Mr. Michael GómezMs. Ana Laura Velázquez
Dr. Robert Ross
UPR at CayeyRISE Program
Introduction Mangrove environment
Water with high concentrations of dissolved salts
Morphological adaptations to SaltSalt secretionSequester Salt
BenefitsSecrete excess saltsPrevent water stress
Purpose Observe structure of
salt glands Observe maturation
of leaves
Hypothesis
Young mangrove salt glands morphology is more capable of salt secretion than old mangrove salt glands.
Objectives
Compare the morphology of young and old mangrove salt glands.
Goals
Short term goalsDescribe histological features
of young and mature
mangrove leaves & their salt glands
Long term goalsCompare the normal growth observed in Salinas
to a polluted area exposed to
different chemicals.
Procedures
Obtaining samples Microscopy techniques Paraffin Embedding Sectioning Mounting Staining
Obtaining samplesSalinas, PR
Salina’s Bay
White mangrovesYoung and mature leaves (with glands)
Obtaining samples (cont.)
Petioles with salt glands
Obtaining samples (cont.)
Leaves with salt glands
Microscopy techniquesDisecting scope images
Microscopy techniques (cont.)Epidermal surface (reflected vs. transmitted light)
Reflected light Transmitted light
Microscopy techniques (cont.)Upper epidermis (reflected vs. transmitted light)
Reflected light Transmitted light
Microscopy techniques (cont.)
Upper epidermis Lower epidermis
Microscopy techniques (cont.)
Stomata 200x darkfield
Fixation Dehydration Embedding Blocking Sectioning Mounting Staining
Histological Techniques
ResultsYoung mangrove salt gland
Results (cont.)Young mangrove leaf
Results (cont.)Young mangrove leaf (cross section)
Results (cont.)Young mangrove leaf (cross section)
Results (cont.)Mature mangrove salt gland
Results (cont.)Mature mangrove leaf (cross section)
Results (cont.)Mature mangrove leaf (cross section)
Conclusion Mangrove salt glands in petioles and leaves are
bigger in size in young tissue than in mature tissue.
Glands in young leaves Glands in mature leaves
ReferencesChanita, P., et. al. Salt uptake and shoot water relations in mangroves. Aquatic
Botany 78 (2004) 349-360
Mangroves. 08 Jan. 2008. Marietta College Biology Department. 23 Mar. 2009 http://www/marietta.edu/~biol/biomes/magroves.htm
Ruzin, et. al. 1999. Plant Microtechniques and Microscopy. University of Oxford.
Shua, S., et. al. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of mangroves: independent evolutionary origins of vivipary and salt secretion. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 34 (2005) 193-205.
Zouhaier, B., et. al. Contribution of NaCl excretion to salt resistance of Aeluropus littoralis (Wild) Parl Molecular. Journal of Plant Physiology 164 (2007) 842-850.
Acknowledgments
Dr. Robert Ross
Dr. Eneida Díaz
Yadira Ortiz
RISE Program
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