EEDC Intelligent Placement of Datacenters

Execution Environments for Distributed Computing

Intelligent Placement of Datacenters for Internet

Services

EEDC

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Master in Computer Architecture, Networks and Systems - CANS

Homework number: 6

Members: Roger Rafanell roger.rafanell@bsc.es

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Outline

Introduction Motivation Placing Datacenters Evaluation Conclusion

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Introduction: Datacenter construction costs

Each datacenter costs >$100M to construct– The smaller datacenters are rated at ~25MW

Examples:– Microsoft DCs in Virginia & Chicago: $500M each

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Outline

Introduction Motivation Placing Datacenters Evaluation Conclusion

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Motivation

Internet services require thousands of servers

Use multiple “mirror” datacenters– High availability and fault tolerance

– Low response time

Spend millions building and operating datacenters

Consume enormous amounts of brown energy!!

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Outline

Introduction Motivation Placing Datacenters Evaluation Conclusion

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Intelligent placement of datacenters

Goal: Manage the monetary and environmental costs

Define framework Model costs and datacenter characteristics Create solution approaches Collect cost and location-related data Create placement tool

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Selecting datacenter locations

Model datacenter placement– Network latencies

– Availability

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Selecting datacenter locations

Model datacenter placement– Network latencies

– Availability

CAPEX costs– Distance to electricity and networking infrastructure

– Land and construction (maximum PUE)

– Power delivery, cooling, backup equipment

– Servers and networking equipment

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Selecting datacenter locations

Model datacenter placement– Network latencies

– Availability

CAPEX costs– Distance to electricity and networking infrastructure

– Land and construction (maximum PUE)

– Power delivery, cooling, backup equipment

– Servers and networking equipment

OPEX costs– Maintenance and administration

– Electricity and water prices (average PUE)

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Selecting datacenter locations

Model datacenter placement– Network latencies

– Availability

CAPEX costs– Distance to electricity and networking infrastructure

– Land and construction (maximum PUE)

– Power delivery, cooling, backup equipment

– Servers and networking equipment

OPEX costs– Maintenance and administration

– Electricity and water prices (average PUE)

Incentives (taxes)

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Selecting datacenter locations

Model datacenter placement– Network latencies

– Availability

CAPEX costs– Distance to electricity and networking infrastructure

– Land and construction (maximum PUE)

– Power delivery, cooling, backup equipment

– Servers and networking equipment

OPEX costs– Maintenance and administration

– Electricity and water prices (average PUE)

Incentives (taxes)

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The problem formulation

Goal– Minimize CAPEX and OPEX

Constraints– Response times < MAX LATENCY for all users– Min consistency delay between 2 DCs < MAX DELAY– Min system availability > MIN AVAILABILITY

Output– Number of servers at each location– Minimum cost

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Solving the (non-linear) problem

Linear Programming– Does not support non-linear costs

Brute force– Too slow

Simple heuristics– May not produce accurate results efficiently

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Our approach for solving the problem

Evaluate each potential solution– Quickly via Linear Programming (LP)

Consider neighboring configurations– Simulated annealing (SA)

Cost optimization process– Combine SA and LP

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Current solution Near neighbor

LP

SA

LP

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Our approach for solving the problem

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LP

SA

LP

LP

SA

LP

SA

$13.8M/month

$9.2M/month $10.7M/month

$10.3M/month

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Summary of our approach

1) Generate a grid of tentative locations

2) Collect data about each location

3) Define datacenter characteristics

4) Instantiate optimization problem

5) Solve optimization problem

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Outline

Introduction Motivation Placing Datacenters Evaluation Conclusion

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Comparing locations for 60k-server DC

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Austin Bismarck Los Angeles

New York Orlando Seattle St. LouisCost

(tho

usan

d do

llars

per

mon

th)

Servers Land Building Connection Energy Water Staff Networking

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Interesting questions

How much does…… lower latency cost?

… higher availability cost?

… faster consistency cost?

… a green DC network cost?

… a chiller-less DC network cost?

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Cost of 60k-server green DC network

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Green DC network costs $100k/month more, except when latency <70ms

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Cost of a 60k-server chiller-less DC network

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30 50 70 90 110

Cost

(in

mill

ion

dolla

rs)

Maximum latency (milliseconds)

Chiller-less

Traditional

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Chiller-less DC network is cheaper but it cannot achieve low latencies

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Conclusions

First scientific work on smart datacenter placement– Proposed framework and optimization problem

– Proposed solution approach

– Characterized many locations across the US

– Built a tool to automate the process

– Answered many interesting questions

Results show that smart placement can save millions Work enables smaller companies to reap the benefits

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Future work

To extend with data from Europe

Include tax incentives

Test the tool with data from real services

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Questions

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Specially thanks to the real authors of the work …

Íñigo Goiri, Kien Le, Jordi Guitart,Jordi Torres, and Ricardo Bianchini

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Energy costs and carbon emissions

Company #ServersEnergy/year

(MWh)Energy

cost/yearCO2/year

(Metric tons)

eBay 16K 0.6 x 105 $3.7M 0.4 x 105

Akamai 40K 1.7 x 105 $10M 1.0 x 105

Rackspace 50K 2 x 105 $12M 1.2 x 105

Microsoft >200K >6 x 105 >$36M >3.6 x 105

Google >500K >6.3 x 105 >$38M >3.8 x 105

Sources: [Qureshi’09], EPA

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