DNA Notes

DNADNA

Presented by Mrs. Sanford7th Life Science

Barber Middle School

Presented by Mrs. Sanford7th Life Science

Barber Middle School

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)

chemical codechemical code - master copy of instructions for cell structure and function

- agenda- blueprints- owner’s manual

- master copy of instructions for cell structure and function

- agenda- blueprints- owner’s manual

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)

chemical codechemical code - gives you your characteristics

- traits like hair color,

eye color, height, personality, talents

- gives you your characteristics

- traits like hair color,

eye color, height, personality, talents

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)

chemical codechemical code - organic compound- contains carbon- nucleic acid

- organic compound- contains carbon- nucleic acid

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)

structure (what it looks like)

structure (what it looks like)

- three dimensional helix

- spiral staircase

- twisted ladder

- three dimensional helix

- spiral staircase

- twisted ladder

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)

structurestructure - sides or “handrails” are made of sugars and phosphates

- ‘ribo’ is for ribose, a sugar

- sides or “handrails” are made of sugars and phosphates

- ‘ribo’ is for ribose, a sugar

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)

structurestructure - cross pieces, “rungs” or “steps” are made of nitrogen base pairs

- Same two bases always pair

- adenine, thymine (A, T)- cytosine, guanine (C, G)

- cross pieces, “rungs” or “steps” are made of nitrogen base pairs

- Same two bases always pair

- adenine, thymine (A, T)- cytosine, guanine (C, G)

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)

discovery/history1950’s

discovery/history1950’s

- x-rayed by Rosalind Franklin

- x-rayed by Rosalind Franklin

DNA X-ray

Rosalind Franklin

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)

discovery/history1950’s -1960’s

discovery/history1950’s -1960’s

- Maurice Wilkins gives Franklin’s x-rays to Watson and Crick

- Francis Crick and James Watson make a model of DNA

- Maurice Wilkins gives Franklin’s x-rays to Watson and Crick

- Francis Crick and James Watson make a model of DNA

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)

discovery/history1960’s

discovery/history1960’s

- Franklin dies of cancer

- Wilkins, Watson, and Crick share a Nobel Prize for the model

- Franklin dies of cancer

- Wilkins, Watson, and Crick share a Nobel Prize for the model

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)Wilkins

Watson and Crick

DNA Model

DNA Model Sketch

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)

DNA replicationDNA replication - happens in interphase

- Watson and Crick also modeled this

- happens in interphase

- Watson and Crick also modeled this

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)

DNA replicationDNA replication - enzymes break apart the bases

- RNA collects extra bases from the cytoplasm

- enzymes break apart the bases

- RNA collects extra bases from the cytoplasm

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)

DNA replicationDNA replication - the extra bases pair with the broken DNA strands

- new handrails form from sugars and phosphates

- the extra bases pair with the broken DNA strands

- new handrails form from sugars and phosphates

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)

DNA replicationDNA replication - Two new strands have been created

- Two new strands have been created

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)

MutationMutation - Damaged chromosomes

- Mismatched base pairs

- Damaged chromosomes

- Mismatched base pairs

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)

MutationMutation - Mistakes in the DNA

- Example: albinism

- Mistakes in the DNA

- Example: albinism