Citronella

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Effects of Chemical Fertilizers and Gibberellic Acid on the Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Citronella Plant

(Cymbopogon winterianus)

Ma. Veah Luisa O. Pascasio

Outline

Introduction Objectives Cymbopogon winterianus Materials and Methods

Introduction

Conventional Fertilizer Common inorganic fertilizer (Chen, 2006)

Slow-Release Fertilizer delays its availability for plant uptake and use

(Shaviv, 2005) has semi-permeable coating (AAPFCO, 2007)

Introduction

Effects of chemical fertilizers on plants: Protein and carbohydrate content increased in

Stevia rebaudiana induced with conventional fertilizer (Patil, 2010).

Vegetative growth of Cryptostegia grandiflora developed well in slow-release fertilizer treatment (Hussein, 2009).

Introduction

Gibberellic Acid (GA3)

Simple gibberellin (Tulis, 1964)

Isolated plant growth hormone (Cohen & Paleg, 1967; Tulis, 1964)

Promotes growth and elongation of cells but different concentrations have relative effects to various plant species (Sakr et al., 2003)

Objectives

To evaluate the effects of different amounts of GA

3, Conventional Fertilizer and Slow-

Release Fertilizer on growth and chemical composition of Citronella Plant.

Vegetative Characteristics Chlorophyll content, Carbohydrate

content, % of Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium

Objectives

To evaluate the effects of Conventional Fertilizer and Slow-Release Fertilizer combined with different amounts of GA3 on growth and chemical composition of Citronella Plant.

Significance of the Study

This study will provide basis for developments of fertilization techniques and parameters needed for maximum C. winterianus growth.

Cymbopogon winterianus (Citronella)

Taxonomic Classification

Kingdom Plantae

Phylum Magnoliophyta

Class Liliopsida

Order Poales

Family Pocaceae

Genus Cymbopogon

Species winterianus

Cymbopogon winterianus (Citronella)

Average leaf length of 1 meter

Glaborous leaf and basal sheath

Glaucous and light green surface

Photo credits: http://davesgarden.com/guides/pf/showimage/175903/#b Source: Jayashina, P. (1999). Citronella: A Literature Review

Cymbopogon winterianus (Citronella)

Have the ability to produce essential oils (Wijesekera, 1973)

Used as insect repellents and aromatherapeutic agents (Leite et al., 1986; Shah, et al., 2011; Wijesekera , 1973)

Materials and Methods

Sowing

One-year old clumps

will be split into slips.

Will consist of 45 plants: 15 treatments= 5 fertilization treatments, 3 GA

3

treatments 3 replicates

Photo credits:http://www.tacethno.com/cymbopogon-citratum-lemongrass.html

Materials and Methods

Crop-Giant Fertilizer (8 N- 8 P2O

5- 8 K

2O)

3. 5 or 5 g / plant every week

Osmocote Fertilizer ( 18 N- 6 P2O

5- 12 K

2O)

10 or 14 g / plant monthly

Materials and Methods

Gibberellic Acid 25 to 50 ppm twice a month

Chemical fertilizers and GA3

concentrations will be estimated according to the study of Hussein (2009) and Maguire and Alley (2009).

Materials and Methods

Vegetative characteristics Number of leaf blades Size (mm2) of leaf blades Fresh Weight of leaves Dry Weight of leaves

Materials and Methods

Chlorophyll concentration Arnon's equation (1949)

Chla (g l-1) = 0.0127 A663 – 0.00269 A645

Chlb (g l-1) = 0.0029 A663 – 0.00468 A645

Total Chl (g l-1) = 0.0202 A663 + 0.00802 A645

Materials and Methods

Carbohydrate concentration Anthrone test Amount of carbohydrate present in 100 mg

of the sample =

mg of glucose × 100

Volume of test sample

Materials and Methods

% Nitrogen Kjeldahl Method Ammonia by distillation followed by titration

of distillate with sulphuric acid

Materials and Methods

% Phosphosrus Dry-ashing (Chapman & Pratt, 1961)

% P = ppm P (from calibration curve) × R × 100 Wt

1000

Materials and Methods

% Potassium Flame photometry Estimated using the calibration curve

Materials and Methods

Data Analysis All analyses are to be run in triplicates.

All data will be subjected to Turkey's test and ANOVA.

Literature CitedAssociation of American Plant Food Control Officials (AAPFCO) (1995): Official Publication No. 48. Association of American Plant

Food Control Officials, Inc., West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.

Chapman, H.D. and P.F. Pratt. 1961. Methods of analysis for soils, plants and waters. Univ. of California, Division of Agricultural Sciences, Berkeley.

Chen, J.H. (2006). The Combined Use of Chemical and Organic Fertilizers and/or Biofertilizer for Crop Growth and Soil Fertility. Land Development Department, Bangkok 10900 Thailand

Cohen, D. & Paleg, L.G. (1967)Physiological Effects of Gibberellic Acid. X. The Release of Gibberellin-Like Substances by Germinating Barley Embryos. American Society of Plant Biologists (1967). Retreived  September 1967 from Plant Physiology vol. 42 no. 9 1288-1296.

Hussein, M.M.M. (2009). Effect of Fertilizers and Gibberellic Acid on Growth and Chemical Composition of Cryptostegia grandiflora. Journal of horticultural Science and Ornamental Plants 1 (2009): 27-38.

Jayashinha, P. (1999) Citronella: A Literature Review. Information Services Centre Industrial Technology Institute. (1999).  from Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Series No. 8  1391-5622.

 Leite JR, Seabra Mde L, Maluf E, et al. (July 1986). "Pharmacology of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus Stapf). III. Assessment of eventual toxic, hypnotic and anxiolytic effects on humans". J Ethnopharmacol 17 (1): 75–83.

Shah G, Shri R, Panchal V, Sharma N, Singh B and Mann A S. Scientific basis for the therapeutic use of Cymbopogon citratus, stapf (Lemongrass). J Adv Pharm Technol Res. 2011 Jan-Mar; 2 (1): 3-8.

Shaviv, A. (2005). Controlled Release Fertilizers. International Fertilizer Industry Association (2005).

Wijesekera, R.O.B. (1973). The Chemical Composition and Analysis of Citronella Oil. Journal of the National Science of Sri Lanka, 1 (1973), 67-68