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Photo credits: http://davesgarden.com/guides/pf/showimage/175903/#bhttp://towardsramrajya.blogspot.com/2010/10/harmful-effects-of-chemical-fertilizers.htmlhttp://www.ehow.com/facts_5969723_different-fertilizers-plants.htmlhttp://theimperfectgardener.com/fertilizing-your-seedlings/
Effects of Chemical Fertilizers and Gibberellic Acid on the Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Citronella Plant
(Cymbopogon winterianus)
Ma. Veah Luisa O. Pascasio
Outline
Introduction Objectives Cymbopogon winterianus Materials and Methods
Introduction
Conventional Fertilizer Common inorganic fertilizer (Chen, 2006)
Slow-Release Fertilizer delays its availability for plant uptake and use
(Shaviv, 2005) has semi-permeable coating (AAPFCO, 2007)
Introduction
Effects of chemical fertilizers on plants: Protein and carbohydrate content increased in
Stevia rebaudiana induced with conventional fertilizer (Patil, 2010).
Vegetative growth of Cryptostegia grandiflora developed well in slow-release fertilizer treatment (Hussein, 2009).
Introduction
Gibberellic Acid (GA3)
Simple gibberellin (Tulis, 1964)
Isolated plant growth hormone (Cohen & Paleg, 1967; Tulis, 1964)
Promotes growth and elongation of cells but different concentrations have relative effects to various plant species (Sakr et al., 2003)
Objectives
To evaluate the effects of different amounts of GA
3, Conventional Fertilizer and Slow-
Release Fertilizer on growth and chemical composition of Citronella Plant.
Vegetative Characteristics Chlorophyll content, Carbohydrate
content, % of Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium
Objectives
To evaluate the effects of Conventional Fertilizer and Slow-Release Fertilizer combined with different amounts of GA3 on growth and chemical composition of Citronella Plant.
Significance of the Study
This study will provide basis for developments of fertilization techniques and parameters needed for maximum C. winterianus growth.
Cymbopogon winterianus (Citronella)
Taxonomic Classification
Kingdom Plantae
Phylum Magnoliophyta
Class Liliopsida
Order Poales
Family Pocaceae
Genus Cymbopogon
Species winterianus
Cymbopogon winterianus (Citronella)
Average leaf length of 1 meter
Glaborous leaf and basal sheath
Glaucous and light green surface
Photo credits: http://davesgarden.com/guides/pf/showimage/175903/#b Source: Jayashina, P. (1999). Citronella: A Literature Review
Cymbopogon winterianus (Citronella)
Have the ability to produce essential oils (Wijesekera, 1973)
Used as insect repellents and aromatherapeutic agents (Leite et al., 1986; Shah, et al., 2011; Wijesekera , 1973)
Materials and Methods
Sowing
One-year old clumps
will be split into slips.
Will consist of 45 plants: 15 treatments= 5 fertilization treatments, 3 GA
3
treatments 3 replicates
Photo credits:http://www.tacethno.com/cymbopogon-citratum-lemongrass.html
Materials and Methods
Crop-Giant Fertilizer (8 N- 8 P2O
5- 8 K
2O)
3. 5 or 5 g / plant every week
Osmocote Fertilizer ( 18 N- 6 P2O
5- 12 K
2O)
10 or 14 g / plant monthly
Materials and Methods
Gibberellic Acid 25 to 50 ppm twice a month
Chemical fertilizers and GA3
concentrations will be estimated according to the study of Hussein (2009) and Maguire and Alley (2009).
Materials and Methods
Vegetative characteristics Number of leaf blades Size (mm2) of leaf blades Fresh Weight of leaves Dry Weight of leaves
Materials and Methods
Chlorophyll concentration Arnon's equation (1949)
Chla (g l-1) = 0.0127 A663 – 0.00269 A645
Chlb (g l-1) = 0.0029 A663 – 0.00468 A645
Total Chl (g l-1) = 0.0202 A663 + 0.00802 A645
Materials and Methods
Carbohydrate concentration Anthrone test Amount of carbohydrate present in 100 mg
of the sample =
mg of glucose × 100
Volume of test sample
Materials and Methods
% Nitrogen Kjeldahl Method Ammonia by distillation followed by titration
of distillate with sulphuric acid
Materials and Methods
% Phosphosrus Dry-ashing (Chapman & Pratt, 1961)
% P = ppm P (from calibration curve) × R × 100 Wt
1000
Materials and Methods
% Potassium Flame photometry Estimated using the calibration curve
Materials and Methods
Data Analysis All analyses are to be run in triplicates.
All data will be subjected to Turkey's test and ANOVA.
Literature CitedAssociation of American Plant Food Control Officials (AAPFCO) (1995): Official Publication No. 48. Association of American Plant
Food Control Officials, Inc., West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.
Chapman, H.D. and P.F. Pratt. 1961. Methods of analysis for soils, plants and waters. Univ. of California, Division of Agricultural Sciences, Berkeley.
Chen, J.H. (2006). The Combined Use of Chemical and Organic Fertilizers and/or Biofertilizer for Crop Growth and Soil Fertility. Land Development Department, Bangkok 10900 Thailand
Cohen, D. & Paleg, L.G. (1967)Physiological Effects of Gibberellic Acid. X. The Release of Gibberellin-Like Substances by Germinating Barley Embryos. American Society of Plant Biologists (1967). Retreived September 1967 from Plant Physiology vol. 42 no. 9 1288-1296.
Hussein, M.M.M. (2009). Effect of Fertilizers and Gibberellic Acid on Growth and Chemical Composition of Cryptostegia grandiflora. Journal of horticultural Science and Ornamental Plants 1 (2009): 27-38.
Jayashinha, P. (1999) Citronella: A Literature Review. Information Services Centre Industrial Technology Institute. (1999). from Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Series No. 8 1391-5622.
Leite JR, Seabra Mde L, Maluf E, et al. (July 1986). "Pharmacology of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus Stapf). III. Assessment of eventual toxic, hypnotic and anxiolytic effects on humans". J Ethnopharmacol 17 (1): 75–83.
Shah G, Shri R, Panchal V, Sharma N, Singh B and Mann A S. Scientific basis for the therapeutic use of Cymbopogon citratus, stapf (Lemongrass). J Adv Pharm Technol Res. 2011 Jan-Mar; 2 (1): 3-8.
Shaviv, A. (2005). Controlled Release Fertilizers. International Fertilizer Industry Association (2005).
Wijesekera, R.O.B. (1973). The Chemical Composition and Analysis of Citronella Oil. Journal of the National Science of Sri Lanka, 1 (1973), 67-68