Anant kochhar _revealing_the_secrets - ClubHack2009

Revealing the Secrets:

Source Code Disclosure, Techniques, and Impacts

I am…

Anant Kochhar, Senior Information Security Consultant with SecurEyes

Project Manager and Researcher

Malware Detection Techniques and

Real World Cracker Techniques

Unique Insecurities…

Each developer is unique

Each application is unique

Each application is uniquely insecure.

Each developer is uniquely insecure.

Source Code Disclosure Types

Accidental Code Disclosure

Backup and Misc. Files

The Dirty Download Page

Accidental Disclosure

Part of the Source Code is available in the HTML source code.

When Dynamic pages are turned into Static pages: like from ‘.asp’ to ‘.html’

Coder don’t remove the ASP code before publishing the HTML page.

Why? Because IE is very forgiving.

Google- Looking in a domain which claims to have ALL ‘audited’ sites

“mdb” “server.createobject” OR “server.mappath”site:???.??

In IE

In Mozilla Firefox

Voila…

How to avoid it…

Don’t be careless. – Go through the HTML source code of every page

before it is published online.

Use both IE and Firefox to test a page.

Backup and Misc. Files

Source Codes stored in readable formats.

Coders save backup files in the website’s hosting folders.

Zipped files, ‘.bak’ extensions etc.

Coders often use bad extensions- like ‘.inc’- for ‘included’ configuration files.

How to discover…

Directory Listings.

Disclosure in HTML Source (Rare)

Other non-standard techniques.

Google-The same secured domain

“zip”

“parent directory” site:???.??

Directory Listing Enabled- All ‘internal pages’ visible

Interesting Folder:Election_aspInteresting File: Database Connection

Backup File of Election_asp: Election_asp.zip

All ASP Files…including Database Connection File

Database username and password in the database connection file

How to avoid it…

Disable Directory Listing

Don’t use the Hosting space as a storage space.

Name all ‘.inc’ files as ‘.inc.php’ or ‘.inc.asp’ files to make them inaccessible.

The Dirty Download Page

Better known as ‘Insecure Direct Object Ref.’Paper in December 2007:http://secureyes.net/downloads/

Source_Code_Disclosure_over_HTTP.pdfMany white hats have contacted me regarding it.Translated into Spanish- which is flattering and

scaryNot the target audience.

The Comment… “look on the internet for such pages…”

How An Engine Works

PHP Engine

User’s Browser

URL:/user_login.php

HTML part of User_login.php

ApplicationRoot Folder

User_login.php

Server

The site’s root folder

http://www.vulnerable123.com/1.doc

Internal Affairs…

PHP Engine

User’s Browser

URL:/1.doc

1.docApplicationRoot Folder

1.doc

Server

The Other Method…

Stream the static content files through a dynamic page:

1) Filename passed as a parameter to the dynamic page- hereby called the ‘download’ page.

2) The download page looks for the file in the hosting folder

3) And upon finding it, streams it to the user’s browser.

http://www.vulnerable123.com/download_file.php?filename=1.doc

Internal Affairs 2

PHP Engine

User’sBrowser

URL:/download_file.php?filename=1.doc

1.docApplicationRoot Folder

Download_file.php1.doc

Server

The Exploit…

Change the filename parameter’s value to login_user.php:

Will it be processed by the engine before being streamed?

Not! The engine does not double-process a single request! It will simply stream the source code file ‘login_user.php’!

http://www.vulnerable123.com/download_file.php?filename=user_login.php

Internal Affairs 3

PHP Engine

User’s Browser

URL:/download_file.php?filename=user_login.php

ApplicationRoot Folder

Download_file.php User_login.php

user_login.php source code file

Server

Google

A URL which contains:

A Dynamic Page extension.ext:php OR ext:jsp OR ext:asp OR ext:aspx

A Static File extension in the URL (somewhere):inurl:doc OR inurl:pdf OR inurl:xls OR inurl:txt

OR inurl:ppt OR inurl:htm

Pattern (contd.)

Combining :

inurl:doc OR inurl:pdf OR inurl:xls OR inurl:txt OR inurl:ppt ext:php OR ext:jsp OR ext:asp OR ext:aspx

Google Result Page

Lots of false positives

Patterns (contd.)

Search can be restricted to a site or a domainsite:vulnerable123.com

Finding the Dirty Download Page in www.vulnerable123.com:

Inurl:doc OR inurl:pdf OR inurl:xls OR inurl:txt OR inurl:ppt ext:php OR ext:jsp OR ext:asp OR ext:aspx site:vulnerable123.com

Voila…

Unique Case of Java Sites- Directory Listing through the download page

Recommended Resolutions

Indirectly refer internal objects.

For example, index the downloadable files, and pass index numbers instead of file names.

File Extensions Validations can be bypassed: Null Byte Injection

Contact me: anant.kochhar[at]secureyes[dot]net