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A short introduction
Phylogenetic tree A. nidulans specific A. nidulans as a model organism Reproduction cycles A. nidulans vs. A. niger
Largest Phylum of fungi (over 64.000) species
Defining sexual feature: the ascus.
Filamentous fungi Fission rather then budding
Binary Fission
Budding
Cleistothecium
plate of medium with A nidulans culture
Order: EurotialesOrder: Eurotiales
The green and blue molds
Aggresive colonization strategies Adaptable to extreme environmental
conditions◦ For A. nidulans:
Temperature 10-45 oC pH 2.5-11 NaCl concentration <4.0 M
Highly aerobic Oligotrophy Commercially the most important fungi
Citric acid
http://aspergillusblog.blogspot.com/2008/09/aspergillus-produced-most-of-worlds.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspergillus
Creates a cleistothecium with ascus inside in the sexual cycle
Filamentous Cells divide by fission Green cultures Can live under ‘extreme’ conditions Highly aerobic oligotroph
Synonym: Aspergillus nidulellus Teleomorph: Emericella nidulans Anamorph: Aspergillus nidulans
Homothallic Sexual, asexual and parasexual
reproduction Model organism
http://www.nature.com/nrg/journal/v3/n9/box/nrg889_BX1.html
Why A. nidulans has been chosen as a model organism
http://www.broadinstitute.org/annotation/genome/aspergillus_group/MultiHome.html
http://www.nature.com/nprot/journal/v2/n4/fig_tab/nprot.2007.112_F1.html
http://www.nature.com/nprot/journal/v2/n4/fig_tab/nprot.2007.112_F1.html
http://www.nature.com/nprot/journal/v2/n4/fig_tab/nprot.2007.112_F1.html
Pulmonary infection Cutaneous aspergillosis Maxillary sinus disease Guttural pouch mycosis (in horses) Cerebral abscess Endophtalmitis Osteomyelitis Superficial infections Disseminated infections
The atlas of clinical fungi p486http://www.doctorfungus.org/thefungi/Aspergillus_nidulans.php
Cell biology Gene regulation Mitosis Intracellular functions
of mitotic motors Carbon & nitrogen
regulation Cell cycle
Fungal protein secretion
Gene regulation Cell wall biosynthesis Cell morphology Carbon metabolism Nutrient transport Effects of
environmental factors on enzyme production
Industrial use
http://www.broadinstitute.org/annotation/genome/aspergillus_group/GenomeDescriptions.html
Sexual cycle 8 chromosomes At least 9 cell types Research focused on
gene control
No sexual cycle 8 chromosomes
Research focused on protein production and excretion
www.broadinstitute.org/annotation/fungi/fgi/sample_whitepaper.pdf nature.com/nbt/journal/v25/n2/fig_tab/nbt1282_F2.html
www.broadinstitute.org/annotation/genome/aspergillus_group/GenomeDescriptions.html
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