Ch03

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Personality and Emotions

Chapter 3

Essentials of Organizational Behavior, 8/e

Stephen P. Robbins

Essentials of Organizational Behavior, 8/e

Stephen P. Robbins

© 2005 Prentice-Hall

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After reading this chapter, you should be able to:

1) Describe the eight categories in the MBTI personality framework

2) Identify the "Big Five" personality variables and their relationship to behavior in organizations

3) Describe the impact of job typology on the personality/job performance relationship

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After reading this chapter, you should be able to:

4) Differentiate felt from displayed emotions

5) Identify the six universal emotions

6) Describe ways in which emotions influence work-related behavior

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Personality

The combination of psychological traits we use to classify & describe a person in terms of characteristics such as quiet, passive, loud, aggressive, etc.

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Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

• Most widely used personality-assessment instrument in the world

• Individuals are classified as extroverted or introverted (E or I), sensing or intuitive (S or N), thinking or feeling (T or F), and judging or perceiving (J or P)

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Extroverted vs. Introverted

• Extroverts are outgoing, sociable, and assertive

• Introverts are quiet and shy

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Sensing vs. Intuitive

• Sensitive types are practical and prefer to focus on details

• Intuitives rely on unconscious processes and look at the big picture

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Thinking vs. Feeling

• Thinking types use reason and logic to handle problems

• Feeling types rely on their personal values and emotions

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Judging vs. Perceiving

• Judging types want control and prefer their world to be ordered and structured

• Perceiving types are flexible and spontaneous

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The Big-Five Model

• Extroversion

• Agreeableness

• Conscientiousness

• Emotional Stability

• Openess to Experience

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• Extroversion -

one's comfort level with relationships

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• Agreeableness - refers to an individual's propensity to defer to others

• Conscientiousness - a measure of reliability

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• Emotional stability -taps a person's ability to withstand stress

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• Openness to experience - addresses an individual's range of interests and fascination with novelty

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Other Key Personality Attributes

Locus of controlLocus of control - Belief that life is controlled by oneself vs. outsiders

MachiavellianismMachiavellianism - Tendency to manipulate and maintain emotional distance

Self-esteemSelf-esteem - Degree one likes or dislikes oneself

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Other Key Personality Attributes

Self-monitoringSelf-monitoring - Sensitive to external cues to behave differently

Risk propensityRisk propensity - Willingness to take chances

Type A personalityType A personality - Incessantly struggling to achieve more

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Matching Personalities and Jobs

• Six-personality-types model - an employee’s satisfaction with and propensity to leave his or her job depend on the degree to which the individual’s personality matches his or her occupational environment

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Personality Types and Sample Occupations

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Diagram of the Relationship among Occupational Personality Types

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Key Points

• There do appear to be intrinsic personality differences among individuals

• There are different types of jobs

• People in job environments congruent with their personality type should be more satisfied and less likely to resign

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What are Emotions?

• Affect – covers a broad range of feelings that people experience

• Emotions – intense feelings directed at someone or something

• Moods – feelings that tend to be less intense, lack a contextual stimulus

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Emotional Labor

• Employee expresses organizationally desired emotions during interpersonal transactions

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• Felt emotions are an individual's actual emotions

• Displayed emotions are those that are organizationally-required and considered appropriate in a given job

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The Six Universal Emotions

Happiness Surprise Fear Sadness Anger DisgustHappiness Surprise Fear Sadness Anger Disgust

Emotion ContinuumEmotion Continuum

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Gender and Emotions

Women:

• Show greater emotional expression than men

• Experience emotions more intensely

• Report more comfort in expressing emotions.

• Better at reading nonverbal cues than are men

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OB Applications

• Ability and Selection

• Decision Making

• Motivation

• Leadership

• Interpersonal Conflict

• Deviant Workplace Behaviors

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Emotional Intelligence

• Self-Awareness

• Self-management

• Self-motivation

• Empathy

• Social Skills

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Summary

1) Described the eight categories in the MBTI personality framework

2) Identified the "Big Five" personality variables and their relationship to behavior in organizations

3) Described the impact of job typology on the personality-job performance relationship

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Summary

4) Differentiated felt from displayed emotions

5) Identified the six universal emotions

6) Explained if it is possible for a person to be emotionless

7) Described ways in which emotions influence work-related behavior