Chemistry 3.1

ChemistryChapter 3 - Section 1

What is a solution?

Wednesday, July 11, 2012

Water No matter what you do to it physically -- boil, freeze, stir, shake, strain -- it is still water.

Salt Water If you boil salt water, the water turns to gas and leaves the salt behind.

Pulpy Orange Juice If you strain pulpy orange juice, it loses its pulp.

SubstancesWater, salt water and pulpy orange

juice are different. These differences can be explained using

CHEMISTRY!

Atoms and Elements

O2 H2OC

Atoms and Elements

BoilGrindFilter

Atoms and Elements

BoilGrindFilter

Atoms and Elements

Substance

matter that has the same fixed composition and properties. It

can’t be broken down into simpler parts by ordinary

physical processes, such as boiling, grinding, or filtering.

Compounds

CompoundsWater is a compound but it is not an element.

Compounds have fixed composition. The ratio of the atoms in a compound is ALWAYS the same.

Water is always 2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom.

Mixtures

MixturesLemonade is water and sugar and lemon juice.

A mixture is a combination of substances that are not bonded together and can be separated by physical processes.

Mixtures do not always contain the same proportions of the substances that they are composed of. Example: weak and strong lemonade.

Heterogeneous

Heterogeneous mixture - type of mixture where the substances are not mixed evenly.

Heterogeneous

Heterogeneous mixture - type of mixture where the substances are not mixed evenly.

The different areas of the mixture have different compositions.

Homogeneous (Solution)

A homogeneous mixture contain 2 or more substances that are evenly mixed on a molecular level but still are not bonded together.

C6H12O6

How Solutions

FormSugar molecules spreading out until they are evenly spaced is called dissolving.

How Solutions

Solute-substance that dissolves or seems to disappear. (sugar)

How Solutions

Solute-substance that dissolves or seems to disappear. (sugar)

Solvent-substance that dissolves the solute.(water)Wednesday, July 11, 2012

Forming Solids from Solutions

When a solid comes back out of its solution and form a solid it is called crystallization.

This is the result of a physical change.

Stalactites and stalagmites in caves are formed from solutions.

First, water with dissolved minerals flows through rocks at the top of the cave.

This solution drips from the ceiling of the cave.

When drops evaporate, the minerals are left behind.

Stalactites develop downward, stalagmites upwards. Wednesday, July 11, 2012

Forming Solids from

Solutions

Forming Solids from

Solutions

Sometimes a solid forms because of a chemical reaction. This solid is called a precipitate.

Forming Solids from

Solutions

Sometimes a solid forms because of a chemical reaction. This solid is called a precipitate.

Minerals that are dissolved in tap water react chemically with soap. The product is soap scum.

Solutions Making Solids

PHYSICALWednesday, July 11, 2012

Solutions Making Solids

PHYSICAL

CHEMICAL

Types of Solutions

Liquid Solutions

Liquid SolutionsIn a liquid-gas solution the solute is a gas and the solvent is liquid. In carbonated beverages, the solute is CO2 and the solvent is water.

Liquid Solutions

In a liquid-solid solution the solute is a solid and solvent is a liquid.

Liquid Solutions

In a liquid-liquid solution both the solute and solvent are liquids.

Gaseous Solution

Gaseous SolutionA smaller amount of one gas is dissolved in a larger amount of another gas.

Nitrogen makes up 78% of dry air and is the solvent.

Solid Solutions

The solvent is a solid, the solute is a solid, liquid or gas. The most common is solid-solid solutions.

Solid Solutions

The solvent is a solid, the solute is a solid, liquid or gas. The most common is solid-solid solutions.

A solid-solid solution made from 2 metals is called an alloy.

Finished!

Chemistry 3.1

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