Chemistry 3.1

ChemistryChapter 3 - Section 1

What is a solution?

Wednesday, July 11, 2012

Water No matter what you do to it physically -- boil, freeze, stir, shake, strain -- it is still water.

2


Salt Water If you boil salt water, the water turns to gas and leaves the salt behind.

3


Pulpy Orange Juice If you strain pulpy orange juice, it loses its pulp.

4


5

SubstancesWater, salt water and pulpy orange

juice are different. These differences can be explained using

CHEMISTRY!


Atoms and Elements


O2 H2OC

NaCl

Atoms and Elements


BoilGrindFilter

O2H2O

CNaCl

Atoms and Elements


O2H2O

CNaCl

O2H2O

CNaCl

BoilGrindFilter

Atoms and Elements


Substance

matter that has the same fixed composition and properties. It

can’t be broken down into simpler parts by ordinary

physical processes, such as boiling, grinding, or filtering.




Compounds


CompoundsWater is a compound but it is not an element.



Compounds have fixed composition. The ratio of the atoms in a compound is ALWAYS the same.



Compounds have fixed composition. The ratio of the atoms in a compound is ALWAYS the same.

Water is always 2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom.


Mixtures


MixturesLemonade is water and sugar and lemon juice.



A mixture is a combination of substances that are not bonded together and can be separated by physical processes.



A mixture is a combination of substances that are not bonded together and can be separated by physical processes.

Mixtures do not always contain the same proportions of the substances that they are composed of. Example: weak and strong lemonade.


Heterogeneous


Heterogeneous

Heterogeneous mixture - type of mixture where the substances are not mixed evenly.


Heterogeneous

Heterogeneous mixture - type of mixture where the substances are not mixed evenly.

The different areas of the mixture have different compositions.


Homogeneous (Solution)



A homogeneous mixture contain 2 or more substances that are evenly mixed on a molecular level but still are not bonded together.



A homogeneous mixture contain 2 or more substances that are evenly mixed on a molecular level but still are not bonded together.

H20

H20

H20

C6H12O6

C6H12O6

C6H12O6


How Solutions

Form


How Solutions

FormSugar molecules spreading out until they are evenly spaced is called dissolving.


How Solutions


Solute-substance that dissolves or seems to disappear. (sugar)


How Solutions


Solute-substance that dissolves or seems to disappear. (sugar)

Solvent-substance that dissolves the solute.(water)Wednesday, July 11, 2012

Forming Solids from Solutions



When a solid comes back out of its solution and form a solid it is called crystallization.



When a solid comes back out of its solution and form a solid it is called crystallization.

This is the result of a physical change.




Stalactites and stalagmites in caves are formed from solutions.




First, water with dissolved minerals flows through rocks at the top of the cave.






This solution drips from the ceiling of the cave.






When drops evaporate, the minerals are left behind.






When drops evaporate, the minerals are left behind.

Stalactites develop downward, stalagmites upwards. Wednesday, July 11, 2012

Forming Solids from

Solutions


Forming Solids from

Solutions

Sometimes a solid forms because of a chemical reaction. This solid is called a precipitate.


Forming Solids from

Solutions

Sometimes a solid forms because of a chemical reaction. This solid is called a precipitate.

Minerals that are dissolved in tap water react chemically with soap. The product is soap scum.


Solutions Making Solids

PHYSICALWednesday, July 11, 2012

Solutions Making Solids

PHYSICAL

CHEMICAL



Types of Solutions


Types of Solutions


Liquid Solutions


Liquid SolutionsIn a liquid-gas solution the solute is a gas and the solvent is liquid. In carbonated beverages, the solute is CO2 and the solvent is water.


Liquid Solutions


Liquid Solutions

In a liquid-solid solution the solute is a solid and solvent is a liquid.


Liquid Solutions


Liquid Solutions

In a liquid-liquid solution both the solute and solvent are liquids.


Gaseous Solution


Gaseous SolutionA smaller amount of one gas is dissolved in a larger amount of another gas.


Gaseous SolutionA smaller amount of one gas is dissolved in a larger amount of another gas.

Nitrogen makes up 78% of dry air and is the solvent.


Solid Solutions


Solid Solutions

The solvent is a solid, the solute is a solid, liquid or gas. The most common is solid-solid solutions.


Solid Solutions

The solvent is a solid, the solute is a solid, liquid or gas. The most common is solid-solid solutions.

A solid-solid solution made from 2 metals is called an alloy.


Finished!


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Chemistry 3.1