Gen Okajima - Central Japan Railway Company - Key safety issues in Japan’s high speed rail network

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Gen Okajima Central Japan Railway Co. Sydney

The Japanese Experience: 50 years of safe high speed rail operation

Rail Safety 2014 26/03/2014

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Tokaido Shinkansen •  The World’s FIRST High-Speed Rail - In operation since 1964 funded by World Bank (*French TGV since 1981, German ICE since 1991)

•  Even now, the Leading High Speed Rail in the World

Series 0 (1964) 1st Generation

Series N700 (2007) 5th Generation

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Key Features of the Tokaido Shinkansen

ZERO passenger injuries or fatalities from train accidents

- Safety

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Key Features of the Tokaido Shinkansen

- Punctuality

minutes / train *1 *2

*1 : Including delays due to uncontrollable causes, such as natural disasters

*2 : Standard for train delays; JR Central : “delay” = >1 minute, Europe : “delay” = >15 minutes

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6:00 7:00 8:00 9:00 ・・・ Tokyo

Shinagawa

Nagoya

Shin-Osaka

Shin-Yokohama

Kyoto

Train Schedule Diagrams as of March 2012

*1:Excluding extra service

- Mass Transport

Key Features of the Tokaido Shinkansen

323 trains/day*1 386,000 3 min. intvl at peak time

passengers / day

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Safety in the Shinkansen

Technology (Hardware)

Core Concepts

Management/ Workforce (Software)

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Safety in the Shinkansen

Technology (Hardware)

Core Concepts

Management/ Workforce (Software)

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研究施設概要（現在）　

Test Track

Test Facilities Building C 　

Real Scale Test Structure

New technology- Komaki Research Center

! Opened July 2002 Site area: Approx. 73ha Use area: Approx. 20ha

Employees Research & Development Division: Approx. 120 Planning & Project Division: Approx. 30

Ground area

The Facilities Building A　

Track & Structural Dynamics Simulator

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Inner fastening brake disk (Series N700)

・ Reduces the extent of disk deformation caused by friction heat when brakes are operated and also obtains higher frictional force

・ Shortened stopping distance in overhead-line failure (caused by earthquakes, etc.) by improving deceleration

■Employing the central fastening brake disc to shorten braking distance

Central fastening brake disc (Series N700A)

Improved Safety

long linings short

Large deformation Small

deformation

wheel wheel axle axle

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Improved Safety

■New decision support tool for measuring flood erosion

Vibration tester (automated)

Vibration tester (manual)

Weight

Automated impact vibration device

Change in natural vibration

No damage Damage

Vibration: large Shakes quickly

Vibration: small Shakes slowly

Vibration tester

Vibration tester

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Improved Safety

■Large-scale renovation program

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Safety in the Shinkansen

Technology (Hardware)

Core Concepts

Management/ Workforce (Software)

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- The use of dedicated tracks exclusively for high-speed passenger rail service

- A fail-safe, reliable, proven Automatic Train Control

(ATC)

Concept of Crash Avoidance on a dedicated track is characterized by two key cornerstones:

Crash Avoidance Concept

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Shinkansen

- Complete separation from: •  Freight traffic (pulled by heavy locomotives with lower braking performance)

•  Lower speed passenger traffic (poor running performance)

•  Road traffic

Road Traffic

Zero possibility of catastrophic collision with freight, lower speed passenger and road traffic

Crash Avoidance Concept- dedicated tracks

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Brake Pattern

Speed (Running Curve)

Preceding Train

(ii) Information regarding Location of Preceding Train

(iii) On-board ATC System calculates Brake Pattern

ATC Ground Facility

(iv) When Speed > Brake Pattern Applying Brake Command

(i) Detecting the Preceding Train

ATC Ground Facility

- Eliminates possibility of collision with the preceding train - 100% safety record in Japan for over 50 years

Crash Avoidance Concept- ATC System

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Crash Avoidance Concept- lighter load, lower cost

Less sturdy structure with light body t

Axle load

*　Source : ”World High Speed Rolling Stock,” UIC Website, May 2009　

5 10 15 20

1

2

3

17

16

11.2

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軌道中心間隔4.3m 軌道中心間隔4.5m

R=4,750

R=6,250

TGV

Size of lanes　 Small Large

Shinkansen 63㎡

100㎡

Tunnel Cross Section

Source: Japanese Government, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transportation and Tourism

Smaller Infrastructure • Smaller tunnels • Less land acquisition

4.3m 4.5m TGV-POS LGV Est

<320km/h

Crash Avoidance Concept- cost effective

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N700 TGV-POS ICE-3JRC simulation based on public data assuming 50km level tracks between stations the simulation used data from. TGV: “TGV POS PREPARES to enter service,” Railway Gazette International, Dec. 2006, P784-785 　 ICE: “ ICE Multiple Unit for the European High-Speed Rail Services of German Rail (DB AG) and Netherlands Railways (NS),” Technical Information, Siemens AG

Energy Consumption per Seat (Wh/km/seat)

26

57 55

Crash Avoidance Concept- Eco Friendly

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Crash Avoidance concept- reliability

Mixed tracks :

Dedicated tracks :

!!

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Reliability/Safety- how can we achieve it?

Technology (Hardware)

Core concepts

Management/ Workforce (Software)

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Software - how can we develop it?

Training

Kaizen

Culture moulding

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Training

Kaizen

Culture moulding

Software - how can we develop it?

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《Skill development》

We regularly reassess the knowledge and skills of train crews to maintain safe operations.

Simulator for Shinkansen Drivers Simulator for Shinkansen Conductors

Software - training

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Catenary wire recovery

Evacuation of passengers

General training sessions simulating actual accidents

Repair of derailed rolling stock.

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Employee General Training Centre

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Training: employee education

Supervisor Driver

Supervisors

All front staff

Dialogue / Mutual respect

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Learning System (CJR e-Learning system) 　 -Started in 1996 -30 courses 　 -8,000 employees / yr

Training: Self Development

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Training

Kaizen

Culture moulding

Software - how can we develop it?

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Software - Kaizen

Identify the

problem

Analyse the

problem

Apply way to

improve process

Check the

results

Standardise

Kaizen for

-safety

-reliability

-better service

-efficiency

-satisfying intellectual curiosity

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Software - Kaizen in action Background:

• Mechanical door requires constant maintenance including washing mechanical parts

• Washing oil costs tens of millions of yen

Before:

• Replacement cycle of the washing oil varied by staff

• Staff changed the washing oil when the colour looked ugly

Analysis:

• Dirty oil still has ability to clean the mechanism.

• Impurities are needed to be removed

Critical issue for reliable, safe operation if the door does not open/close as operated

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Software - Kaizen in action

New method:

• Reuse the washing oil

• Introduce foreign matter separator

After:

• Cost saved

• Washing quality is more standardised

More reliable, safe rail services with less costs

Cock

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Training

Kaizen

Culture moulding

Software - how can we develop it?

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Software - culture moulding

• The processes, values and assumptions developed by a group over time, that is then passed on to new members of the group

• How is culture moulded?

1.  Primary: Management behaviour; resources and awards; promotions

2.  Secondary: Organisational structures; design; ceremonies, rituals and stories; formal mission and value statements

Schein 2004.

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Software - Culture Moulding (2ndary)

3 Safety requires absolute confirmation and thorough communication.

4 Safety requires cooperation as one beyond assigned tasks.

5 When in doubt, take the action deemed safest and ensure that nothing is missed.

1　Safety is the number one priority of our transportation service.

2　Safety starts with strict adherence to rules and fulfillment of duties, and rests on continual self improvement.

Keep sending the safety-1st message everywhere

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《sleeping management》

Encouraging catnap at their break time in dedicated areas

Data input

Output: advise from medical doctor

• Work at better condition

• Draw attention to health management (safety culture)

Software - Culture Moulding (2ndary)

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Primary means make safety culture sustainable

Software - Culture Moulding (Primary)

Management which

• Respond properly against critical safety incidents

• Allocate human/capital resources for making secondary means

• Find and reward staff who pay attention to safety issues

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Conclusion

Safety

Core concepts

Technology (Hardware)

Manage ment /

Workforce (Software)

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Thank you for your attention.

Please  feel  free  to  contact  us  at:    

Central  Japan  Railway  Company-­‐-­‐Sydney  Suite  501,  Level  5  

20  Hunter  Street,  Sydney  2000  E-­‐mail:    info@jr-­‐central-­‐au.com  

Phone:    (02)  9221  6922